英语时态讲解及练习，急求。。。。。。 急求“高中英语语法时态（过去、现在、将来）的结构、用法及练习...
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。
比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
(我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.
(现在我仍在这里工作。)
小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.
since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2)用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10点。
现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的构成方法
现在完成进行时由“have/has + been +现在分词”构成。
二、现在完成进行时用法
1．现在完成进行的基本用法表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。
例如：
It has been raining since last Monday. 自上周一以来就一直在下雨。
She’s been watching television all day. 她看了整整一天电视。
2．现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。
例如：
I am very tired. I’ve been typing letters all day. 一整天都在打信件，我太累了。
Susan eyes are red. She has been crying. 苏姗一直在哭，眼睛都哭红了。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。
例如：
I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。（陈述事实）
I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。（等得好辛苦）
2. 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时。
例如：
He has lived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。
He has been living in Paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。
3. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。
例如：
They’ve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。
The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。
4. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。
例如：
The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已经粉刷了一个月。
The problem has been studied
过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-----------|-----------|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前那时现在
2） 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
注意：had no … when还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
将来进行时
1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
She'll be coming soon.
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.
2）常用的时间状语
Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.
过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
He said he would come here the next Friday. 他说他下周星期五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时它会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的时间状语：
1) at six the next morning, at two the next afternoon, at eight the next night, the next day,the next Friday, the next week, the next month, the next year
2)the following day, the following week，the following month,the following year
3)two days later, three weeks later, four years later
4) after10 o'clock, after 10 o'clock in the morning, after 9 o'clock
5)when,after引导的时间状语从句。
3. 过去将来时的结构
（一）由助动词“would/should+动词原形”构成,should主要用于主语是第一人称时;would可用于各种人称。
He said he would come to see me.
他说他要来看我。
Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.
不论何时我们遇到困难,他总会给予帮助。
（二）“was/were+goingto+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：
No one knew when he was going to come.
没有人知道他什么时候来。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要拍我去火车站接她
此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看来好像要下雨。
（三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me.
（四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：
I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.
我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
(五) was / were to + 动词原形。如：
The building was to be completed the next month. 这座建筑改在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。
（六） was / were about to + 动词原形。如：
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响起来了。
3. 过去将来时的用法
(1) 过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们呆在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
(2) 过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。如：
If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
（3）was / were going to + 动词原形；was / were to + 动词原形；was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当 一 种未曾实现的意图或打算。如：
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。
I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in. 就在我要告诉他时，吴东进来了。
英语动词时态练习题~
一般将来时：I will have a picnic tomorrow.
一般过去时：I wasn't at home yesterday.
一般现在时: I have an English lesson.
现在进行时：I doing my homework now.
讲解和题目都有了，只是题目太长，经济年度高考题也有好几十条，粘不上来，要觉得好就给你邮箱
语法专项复习四:动词的时态和语态
动词的时态
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。
（一）一般现在时
1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other.
2. 表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy.
3. 表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。
（二）一般过去时
1. 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
2. 表示过去习惯性动作。例如： I used to do my homework in the library.
（三）一般将来时
1. 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如：
I will/shall graduate next year.
2. 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如：
Crops will die without water.
You won’t succeed without their support.
3. 几种替代形式：
(1) be going to＋动词原形结构的用法
这种结构表示主体现在的意图，即打算在最近或将来要做某事。例如：
What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？
此外, 这种结构也可表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物，此结构往往表示客观事态的发展，而不是表示主观的意图。例如：
Look at these black clouds. —It’s going to rain. 看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。
I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。
注：be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明：
① be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语，后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如：
There’ll (＝is going to) be a football match in our school next week.
下周我校将举行（有）一场足球赛。
② be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。例如：
I will (＝am going to) climb the hill tomorrow. 我将于明天去登山。
注：一般来说，“意图”是事先经过考虑的，用be going to表示；反之则用will。will还多用于对话中，即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。例如：
They’re going to meet at the school gate. 他们打算在学校大门见面。
—- Please bring me a cup of tea. 请给我端杯茶来。
—I’ll do it in a minute. 我马上就去（端）。
③ be going to常含有“即将”之意；而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”，或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如：
We’re going to visit the factory. 我们即将去参观那家工厂。
He’ll write a book one day. 他有朝一日要写书。
The house will break down. 那屋子（迟早）要倒塌。
④ 表示预测：be going to表示有发生某事的迹象；will则表示说话者认为要发生某事。如：
It’s very dark and cold. It’s going to snow. 天很暗而且非常冷，要下雪了。
I’m sure he’ll be back in an hour. 我确信他一小时后会回来。
⑤ 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时，常用will。例如：
Will you lend me the book? 你能把那本书借给我吗？
⑥ be going to可用于条件句，表示将来的时间，will一般不能。例如：
If you are going to watch TV this evening, you’d better finish your homework now.
你若想今晚看电视，最好现在就完成作业。
⑦ 如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态，主句中常用will，而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如：
If you go to England, you will like the food there. 如果你去英国，你会喜欢那儿的食物的。
(2) be＋动词不定式结构的用法
这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。如：
You are to be back by 11 o’clock. 你必须11点回来。
We are to meet at the zoo. 我们约定在动物园见面。
The football match is not to be played today. 今天不能举行足球比赛了。
(3) be about＋动词不定式结构的用法
这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”, 不与具体时间状语连用。例如：
I was about to leave when Mary came. 我正要走时, 玛丽来了。
(4) be＋v.-ing结构的用法
这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作，用进行时形式表示将来的时间，但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly (乘飞机)等，并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如：
Where are you going this Saturday? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿？
Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning. 李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。
(5) 用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法
这种用法除了动词be外，一般适用于表示位置转移的动词， 例如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly等，或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。 此外，在由if, when, as soon as, until, till, after, before等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，若主句为将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。例如：
I’m free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。
School starts on September 1. 学校9月1日开学。
I’ll give the book to him as soon as he returns. 他一回来，我就把书给他。
（四）现在进行时
1. 表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
He is writing a letter now.
2. 有时用来代替一般现在时态，表示一个经常性动作或状态，这时是为了表示一种感情（如赞叹，厌烦，满意，不满等）。
He is always thinking of his work. (表示赞许)
The boy is always talking in class. （表示不满）
3. 有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有一个表示未来的时间状语）。
How many of you are coming to the party?
（五）现在完成时
1. 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作（常与yet，already，just连用），或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况（常与for，since连用）。例如：
I have just finished my homework.
Mary has been ill for three days.
2. 完成时态可用在下列结构中：
(1) This (That, It) is (was) the first (second...) time +定语从句；
(2) This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；
(3) This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如：
This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
（六）过去进行时
过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如：
We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
（七）过去完成时
1. 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：
We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
2. 动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如：
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.
另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式是：
(1) was / were + to have done sth. 例如：
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.
(2) intended/expected/hope/meant/planned/supposed/wished/wanted/desired+ to have done sth. 如：
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
3. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：
① hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时+ when +过去时。例如：
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
② no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如：
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
③ by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：
The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.
(八) 一般过去将来时
1. 一般过去将来时的形式
should / would+ 动词原形 或 was / were + 动词-ing形式
2. 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，其主语的谓语动词为过去时态，可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情，如：
He said that he would speak at the meeting.
He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.
（九）现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远时候。现在完成进行时所用动词均为延续性动词。例如：
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it.
注意：运用动词时态要注意的几个问题
1. 在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态，如：
We’ll give him the book if he wants it.
He decided to fight back if he was hit again.
I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work.
2. 时态的一致（时态的呼应），如
We saw that the smoke was coming from a window.
I didn’t know if she would come.
He admitted that he had been on the march.
*不进行时态调整的情况：
(1) 从句说的是一种普遍真理，如：
Long ago, people didn’t know the earth moves round the sun.
(2) 当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会，如
Did he say that the train leaves at 5:30?
3. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用，如：
误：I have received her letter for three months.
正：I received her letter three months ago.
正：It is three months since I received her letter.
4. 注意某些要求一定时态的句型
* was/ were doing sth. when …did sth.
I was reading a book when the bell rang.
* was/were about to do sth. when … did sth.
She was about to go out when it started to rain
* 表示做事做了第几次或共几次，要用完成时态，如：
It’s the first time I’ve seen her.
We have been there three times.
* It is / has been… since…
It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.
* hardly…when…
We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain.
* no sooner…than…
No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed.
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