1、英语时态有哪些?请详细说明! 1、英语时态有哪些?请举例!具体一些?

作者&投稿:禾薇 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
英语时态8种基本时态讲解
一.概念:英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需用不同的动词形式表示,这种不同的动词形式称为时态。
二.种类:(基本时态)
一般现在时   一般过去时  
现在进行时   过去进行时
一般将来时   过去将来时
现在完成时   过去完成时
三.用法:
1.一般现在时:
1)一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。
或一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词词尾加-s-es。
2)句型结构:主语+V.(包括be动词)+宾语+…
She is an engineer.
He has breakfast at 6:00every day.
3)注意:
a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。
I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .
They go home once a week .
We usually do our homework at home .
b)表客观现实或普遍真理。
The sun always rises in the east .
The light travels faster than the sound .
c)表永远性的动作或状态。
He lives in the country .
4)第三人称单数变化形式。
a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s .
come---comesspeak---speakswork---workslive---lives
b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.
do---doesgo---goesfinish---finishesbrush---brushes
fix---fixespass---passeswatch---watches
c)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.
Study---studiescarry-carriescry---cries
d)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加-s.
play---playsstay---stays
例句:我们每天晚上九点做作业。
我在早上七点半起床。
他每天七点去上班。
我们经常下午打篮球。
他喜欢音乐。
地球围绕太阳转。
火车六点出发。
5)否定句和疑问句。
a)-----He is an engineer.
-----He isn’t an engineer.
-----Is he an engineer?
-----Yes, he is ./ No, he isn’t.
b)----We get up at 7:30 in the morning .
-----We don’t get up at 7:30 in the morning .
-----Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?
-----Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.
c)----He likes music.
-----He doesn’t like music.
-----Does he like music?
-----Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn’t .
2.一般过去时
1)一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等连用。
I was a student 6years ago.
I went to Beijing last year.
They saw a film last night .
2)句型结构:主语+V.过去时+宾语+…
例句:昨天他很忙。
去年他抽烟了。
两年前他去参军了。
他在1990年去世了。
3)否定句和疑问句。
a)----He was busy yesterday.
-----He wasn’t busy.
-----Was he busy?
-----Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.
b)----He smoked last year.
-----He didn’t smoke last year.
-----Did he smoke last year?
-----Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn’t.
c)----He joined the army in 1990.
-----He didn’t joined the army in 1990.
-----Did he join the army in 1990?
-----Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn’t.
4)动词过去式变化规则。
a)一般情况下的词加-ed.
work---workedcall----calledlaugh----laughed
Explain----explainedfinish----finishedknock----knocked
b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d .
live----livedchange----changedsmoke----smokeddie----died
graduate----graduateddrive----drove
c)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i加-ed.
study----studiedcarry----carriedcry----cried
try----triedmarry----married
d)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.
play----playedstay----stayed
e)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed.
stop----stoppedplan----plannedpat----patted
f)动词不规则变化:
do----didgo----wentcome----camerun----ranwrite----wrote
begin----begandrink----drankkeep----keptleave----leftsleep----slept
make----madelie----laydig----dugeat----ateknow----knew
cut----cutset----setlet----letread----readhurt----hurt
例句:我前天拿走了这本书。
去年我买了一辆自行车。
每天晚上我听音乐。
她通常待在家里。
两天前我完成了这项工作。
复习:
1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.
2) He (be) a student now.
3) He(do) his homework at home every day.
4) They (join) the Party in 1998.
5) We(not eat) apples yesterday.
6) We (not play) basketball every day.
7) He(not go ) home once a week.
8) I am 16 years old. (划线部分提问)
9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. (划线部分提问)
10) They joined the Party in 1990. (划线部分提问)
11) I went to Beijinglast year. (划线部分提问)
3.一般将来时
1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用。
2)句型结构:主语+will/shall+V.原形+…(第一人称用shall)
I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.
They will have a meeting next week.
----She will be 20 years old.
----Will she be 20 years old?
----Yes, she will./ No, she won’t .
3)主语+will/shall+V.原形+…
be(am, is, are)going to
They will have a meeting next Sunday.
(will=are going to )
----What will they do next Sunday ?
----When will they have a meeting?
4) be about to+V.原形
I am about to leave school.
不能与表示时间的副词连用。
They are about to set out.(√)
They are about to set out soon.(×)
复习题:
1.He(do) his homework at school every day.
2.They (finish) their work yesterday.
3.We(visit) their farm next year.
4.我半小时后要吃午饭。
5.他将骑自行车去学校。
6.他们下周日将去买汽车。
4.过去将来时
1)过去将来时是立足于过去某时,从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中。
2)基本结构:主语+would/shouldwas/were going to +V.原形+…
He said that he would have a meeting next week.
(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)
They said we should leave school tomorrow.
(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)
5.现在进行时
1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now, at present
等时间状语连用。
2)基本结构:主语+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +…
You are listening to me carefully now.
She is writing a letter this year.
Look! They are dancing.
We are studying English at present .
It’s raining hard now.
3)动词现在分词的构成
①一般动词直接在词后加-ing
do – doingread - reading
work – workingthink – thinking
study – studyinggo – going
watch – watchingjump - jumping
②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,应先去掉e 然后加– ing
like – likingtake – taking
leave – leavinglive – living
receive – receiving dance – dancing
come – comingsmoke – smoking
write - writing
③以“一个元音字母+ 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词,应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ing
stop – stoppingbegin – beginning
dig – diggingswim – swimming
run – runningsit – sitting
(注意:listen – listeningopen – openingeat – eating
rain – rainingsleep - sleeping)
4)
6 .过去进行时
1)表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作,通常与at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引导的时间状语等连用。
2)基本结构主语+be (was/were) +v- ing +…
1. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.
2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.
3. We were reading when the teacher came in.
We weren’t reading…
Were you reading…
What were you doing when the teacher came in.
3) 例句1. 前天那个时候Tom 正在看电影。
2. 上周日四点我们正在游泳。
3.师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。
4. I ____ (do) my homework yesterday.
5. He ____ (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.
6. He ____ (do) his homework now.
7.现在完成时
1)1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响
2.表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态
通常与下列时间状语连用up to now, in the past, recently, by… , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just…
2) 基本结构主语+ have/has + P.P(动词过去分词)
1. I’ve finished this work.
2. He has ever been to Australia.
3. I have not heard from her recently.
4. I have already read this book.
Have you read…?
Yes, I have.No, I haven’t.
What have you read?
3) 过去分词的构成(规则变化同过去式的构成)
不规则变化如下
dodiddone
gowentgone
eatateeaten
comecamecome
havehadhad
writewrotewritten
bewas/werebeen
seesawseen
hearheardheard
swimswamswum
drinkdrankdrunk
givegavegiven
forgetforgotforgotten
taketooktaken
keepkeptkept
sleepsleptslept
teachtaughttaught
buyboughtbought
telltoldtold
makemademade
cutcutcut
hurthurthurt
readreadread
letletlet
4)注意
1. 含有终止意义或暂短意义的动词不能与for, since引导的一般时间状语连用。
(buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等)
A) I have bought a book.
I have bought a book for 3 day.(wrong)
I have had a book for 3 years.
B) He have joined the army for 3 years.(wrong)
He has been in the army for 3 years.
He joined the army 3 years ago.
C) He has been dead for 3 years.
He died 2 years ago.
It is 2 years since he died.
He has died for 2 years.(wrong)
D) He has gone to Australia.
He has been to Australia.
2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(时间状语的区别)
I ___ (hear) form her recently / yesterday.
3. 例句:
他已经阅读了这本书。
我们到目前为止已学习了两千个单词。
他们居住在中国三年了。
他看这部电影两次了。
Bob 自从1997 年在这所学校教学。
8.过去完成时
1)表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态,强调“过去的过去”,常与by the time, by the end of…,before , by 等引导时间的状语连用。
2)基本结构主语+ had + 动词过去分词+ …
When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.
昨天当我到达电影院时电影已经开始了。
He had learned English before he came here.
他来这儿之前已经学会英语了。
He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.
当我离开这个学校为止他已教这个班级三年了。
By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words.
到这学期末我已学会了2000 个英语单词。
时态部分总复习题
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. We usually ___ (get ) up at 7:00 every morning.
2. She ___ (watch) TV when she heard a loud knock at the door this time yesterday.
3. My mother ___ (come) here tomorrow.
4. Look ! Some one ___ (dance) there.
5. Wei Hua’s brother ___ (join) the army in 1995.
6. He ___ (write) a letter this afternoon.
7. Rice ___ (grow) in the south of China.
8. She said ___ (go) to Japan next year.
9. We ___ (study) 2,000 words since we came to the school.
10. By the end of last term he ___ (teach) that class for 2 years.
II. Translation
(1) 我每天早上7 点通常打篮球。
(2) 昨天我去游泳了。
(3) 昨天他说他们将于后天去参观长城。
(4) 我们将在下学期学习俄语。
(5) 他现在正在玩游戏。
(6) 去年冬天这个时候他们正在盖房子。
(7) 我居住在山东20 年了。
(8) 到上月末为止他工作十年了。

斯蒂芬·哈珀Stephen Harper

1、英语时态有哪些?请举例具体说明!~

一般现在时
I often help him.
He likes me.
一般过去时
I helped him.
现在进行时
I am helping him.
一般将来时
I will help jim.
现在完成时
I have helped him.
过去进行时
I was helping him at that time.
过去完成时
By yesterday, I had learned 500 English words.
过去将来时
I said that I would help him.

英语的时态详细地说有16种,但常用的只有9种

英语共有十六种时态,其表现形式如下(以study为例)
一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时
现在 study be studying have studied have been studying
过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying
将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying
过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying
时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

1. 一般现在时
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。

用法:A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B) 习惯用语。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。)

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。

E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)
How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.
(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)

2. 现在进行时(be doing)
用法:现在正在进行的动作。


3. 现在完成时(have done)
用法:A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didn't sell   B) sold   C) haven't sold   D) would sell
答案是C) haven't sold。

B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge     C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged    D) are challenging

全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)

注意事项:A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.
(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.
(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)

B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词)

C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)

D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.
(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)

E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)

4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)
注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
例:It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked     B) is leaking
C) leaked      D) has been leaking
从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。


5. 一般过去时
用法:A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时。
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)

C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)
注意事项:A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。


6. 过去完成时(had done)
用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.
A) didn't hear   C) hasn't heard   
B) hasn't been hearing   D) hadn't heard
全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A) didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C) hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。
注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)
分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。

7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)
用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)
注意事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。

8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)
用法:A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)
B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)。
注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时

9. 一般将来时
用法:A) 基本结构是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)
B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.
(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)

C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)

D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.
(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)

E) "be to do"的5种用法:
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)
b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
(孩子们,你们必须上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)
c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A) is to be   B) can be   C) will be   D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.
(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)
例:I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A) in   B) to   C) at   D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
注意事项:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)

10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。


11. 将来完成时(will have done)
用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例: The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted       B) will have lasted
C) would last         D) has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。



12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing
例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.
(到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)


13)过去完成进行时:had been doing
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态)



14) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.
(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)
(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)


15) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done
例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.
(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)



16) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.
(他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)

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