英语小短文带翻译阅读？
英语小短文带翻译：会多种语言的人更聪明吗?
Are People Who Speak More than One Language Smarter?
In the early nineteen fifties, researchers found that people scored lower on intelligence tests if they spoke more than one language. Research in the sixties found the opposite. Bilingual people scored higher than monolinguals-people who speak only one language. So which is it?
20世纪50年代早期，研究人员发现掌握超过一门语言的人在智力测试上得分更低。而60年代研究的发现则恰恰相反，“双语者”比只懂一种语言的“单语者”得分更高。那么，哪个发现是正确的呢?
Researchers presented their newest studies last month at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The latest evidence shows that being bilingual does not necessarily make people *** arter. But researcher Ellen Bialystock says it probably does make you better at certain skills.
研究人员上个月在美国科学促进会的一次会议上介绍了他们的最新研究成果。最新证据表明，通晓双语并不能使人更聪明。但研究人员艾伦·比亚斯表示，它会使你在某些技能上表现更好。
Ellen Bialystock:"Imagine driving down the highway. There are many things that could capture your attention and you really need to be able to monitor all of them. Why would bilinguali *** make you any better at that?"
比雅利斯托克：“想像一下在高速公路上开车，可能会有很多吸引你注意力的东西，你必须能够同时关注所有这一些。为什么双语环境可能会让你在这方面表现更好呢?”
And the answer, she says, is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention - a function called the executive control system.
她表示，答案就是“双语者”更善于控制自己的注意力，这种能力也被称为行为控制系统。
Ellen Biaystock:'It's quite possibly the most important cognitive system we have because it's where all of your decisions about what to attend to, what to ignore, what to process are made."
艾伦·比亚斯托：“这可能是人类具备的最重要的认知系统。因为你做出专注、忽略、执行的决定时都离不开它。”
Ms. Biaystock is a psychology professor at York University in Toronto, Canada. She says the best method to measure the executive control system is called the Stroop Test. A person is shown words in different colors. The person has to ignore the word but say the color. The problem is that the words are all names of colors.
比亚斯托是加拿大约克大学的心理学教授。她表示，衡量行为控制系统能力最好的办法是斯特鲁测验***Stroop Test***。该测试向被测试者展示各种不同颜色的单词。被测试者需要忽略单词本身，说出字型的颜色。难点在于，这些单词都是一些颜色的名称。
Ellen Bialystock:"So you would have the word blue written in red, but you have to say red. But blue is so salient, it's just lighting up all these circuits in your brain, and you really want to say blue. So you need a mechani *** to override that so that you can say red. That's the executive control system."
艾伦·比亚斯托：“因此，‘蓝色’这个单词可能是用红色书写的，而你必须说‘红色’。但‘蓝色’这两个字非常突出，它一直闪现在你的大脑中，你很想说‘蓝色’。这时你就需要一种抑制该想法的系统，你才能说出‘红色’。这就是行为控制系统。”
Her work shows that bilingual people continually practice this function. They have to, because both languages are active in their brain at the same time. They need to suppress one to be able to speak in the other.
她的研究表明，“双语者”在不断锻炼这种能力，因为两种语言同时都在他们大脑中活跃，他们必须抑制一种语言，才能用另一种语言表达。
英语小短文带翻译：网路虚拟学校到底好不好?
Is Network Virtual Schools Really Well?
Forty-two of the fifty American states offered some kind of public online learning this past school year. One state, Michigan, now requires all students to have an online learning experience before they finish high school.
过去的一个学年，美国50个州中有42个州提供了某种形式的公共网上学习。现在，密歇根州要求所有学生在高中毕业之前都有网路学习经历。
Even the idea of a school has changed since the rise of the Internet in the nineteen nineties.
自90年代网际网路兴起以来，学校的理念甚至都已经发生了变化。
A new report from the Center for Evaluation and Education Policy at Indiana University says eighteen states have full-time virtual schools. There are no buildings. All classes are online.
印第安纳大学评估和教育政策中心一份新的报告称，18个州拥有全日制虚拟学校，没有校舍，所有的课程都是在网路上学习。
Online learners might work at different times. But there might be set times for class discussions — by text, voice or video — and virtual office hours for teachers.
网路学院可以在不同的时间学习，但是课堂讨论必须在既定的时间进行——通过简讯、音讯或视讯——对于教师来说也有固定的虚拟工作时间。
Flofida started the first statewide public virtual school in the United States in nineteen ninety-seven.
1997年，佛罗里达开设了美国首个全州范围的公里虚拟学校。
Today, the Florida Virtual School offers more than ninety courses. Fifty-six thousand students were enrolled as of December. Almost sixty percent were female. The school's Web site says each student was enrolled in an average of two classes.
今天，佛罗里达虚拟学校提供了90多门课程。截止到12月份，已有5.6万名学生入学，其中接近60%的学生是女性。该学校网站称，每个学生都参加平均两个班级。
Two-thirds were also enrolled in public or charter schools. Charter schools are privately operated with public money. Other students are home-schooled or in private school.
三分之二的学生同时还在公立学校或 *** 特许学校就读。 *** 特许学校由私人运营，但是由公众提供资金。其他学生则在家接受教育或在私立学校就读。
Florida Virtual School has now opened the Florida Virtual Global School. Students in other countries pay for classes. Janet Heiking teaches an English class. She lives in Indianapolis, Indiana. Her students live as far away as Africa and Japan.
佛罗里达虚拟学校现在开设了佛罗里达虚拟全球学校。其他国家的学生缴纳费用来学习。珍妮特·海靖是一个英语班的教师。她住在印第安纳州的印第安纳波利斯。她的学生则远在非洲甚至日本。
So how good are virtual schools? Students have shown mixed results, as that new report from Indiana University notes.
那么，虚拟学校到底怎么样呢?印第安纳大学这份报告指出，研究表明，表明学校水平参差不齐。
For example, students at Florida Virtual School earned higher grades than those taking the same courses the traditional way. And they scored higher on a statewide test.
例如，佛罗里达虚拟学校的学生比按照传统方法学习同样课程的学生取得的分数更高。在全州的考试中，他们的分数也更高。
But virtual school students in Kansas and Colorado had lower test scores or performed at a lower level than traditional learners.
但是，堪萨斯和科罗拉多虚拟学校的学生则比传统的学生得分更低，表现更差。
Educaiton experts say the mixed results suggest the need for more research to find the best ways to teach in virtual schools. Also, they say schools of education need to train more teachers to work in both physical and virtual classrooms.
教育专家表示，这些表现不一的结果表明，需要进行更多的研究来发现最佳的虚拟学校教学方法。同时，他们说，教育类学校需要培养更多教师，能够同时在实体和虚拟教室授课。
英语小短文带翻译：环境运动的勇士
A Top Gun for the Environmental Movement
Wilma Subra had no intention of being a public speaker. After graduating from college with degress in chemistry and microbiology, she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana.
威尔玛·苏夫拉原来没有想过要成为一名公共演说家。她大学毕业拿到了化学和微生物学学位后，就职于路易斯安那州南海湾研究所。
As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic substances in the environment, often in minority munities located near large industrial pollutrs. She found many families were being exposed to high, sometimes deadly levels of chemicals and other toxic substances. But she was not allowed to make her information public.
作为工作职责的一部分，她从事环境有害物质方面的土地研究，调研地区经常是大型工业污染源附近的少数族裔社群。她发现许多家庭暴露于高度的，甚至是致命的化学物和其他有害物质中。但是她无权将她的资讯公之于众。
Frustrated by these restrictions, Subra left her job in 1981, created her own pany and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fight back against giant industrial polluters. She works with families and munity groups to conduct environmental tests and hybrid test results, and organize for change.
受困于这些制约，苏夫拉在1981年离开了她的工作，创立了自己的公司，并且在过去的20年中帮助人们与大型工业污染源抗争。她与居民家庭和社群团体一起努力进行环境测试，混合测试结果，组织活动以改变环境。
Because of her efforts, dozens of toxic sites across the counry have been cleaned up. And one chemical industry spokesperson calls her "a top gun" for the environmental movement.
因为她的努力，遍及全国的大量有害地区被清理干净了。一家化工企业的发言人称她是环境运动的“勇士”。
How has Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training, partly through her mitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to municate with people through public speaking. "Public speaking," she says, "is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people."
苏夫拉是怎样做到这一切的呢?部分原因是她科学的训练，部分是因为她追求环境公平的奉献精神。但是，同样重要的原因还有她借助公共演说与他人交流的能力。“公共演说，”她谈到，“是我与人们沟通的主要工具。”
If you had asked Subra before 1981, do you see yourself as a major public speaker? She would have laughed at the idea. Yet today she gives more than one hundred presentations a year. Along the way, she's lectured at Harvard, testified before congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states, as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan.
如果在1981年之前，我问苏夫拉，你认为自己是一位重要的公共演说家吗?她可能会对此一笑置之。然而，在今天，她每年要进行100多场演讲。她一直坚持这条路，她在哈佛大学发表演说，在国会发表宣告，向来自于美国40个州，以及墨西哥、加拿大和日本的观众进行演说。
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