承德避暑山庄简介(英文的) 一篇承德避暑山庄的英文介绍
2004-11-17 13:17:51 www.crienglish.com
Introduction
The Imperial Summer Villa, located in the city of Chengde in northeastern Hebei province, is China’s largest imperial garden. Twice the size of Beijing’s Summer Palace, construction spanned nearly ninety years, beginning under Emperor Kangxi in 1703 and lasting through the greater part of Emperor Qianlong’s reign. The Imperial Summer Villa often saw use as a de facto second capital as Kangxi set a precedent followed by Qianlong and a succession of other Qing emperors of spending much of the year at the garden. In 1994, the Imperial Summer Villa became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Layout
The Imperial Summer Villa covers some 564 hectares featuring well-manicured gardens and over 110 architectural structures surrounded by a 10-km-long outer wall that rises and falls with the surrounding hills. The Imperial Summer Villa can be divided into two sections: a palace section and a garden section.
Palace Section
The palace section is where Qing emperors would dispose of state affairs and live during their stays at the Imperial Summer Villa.
A plaque inscribed with four characters by Emperor Kangxi hangs above the vermilion front gate. Bi Shu Shan Zhuang it reads, or “Mountain Villa to Flee the Summer Heat”. Walking through the gateway, Danbomingcheng comes into view, or the “Hall of Simplicity and Reverence”. The name comes from an ancient Chinese saying roughly translated as, “Only a simple lifestyle can help one realize his true life-goal.” Also known as Nanmu Hall, because it was built with nanny, a fragrant, fine-grained hardwood unique to China, the hall was used by the emperor to carry out official state business.
Behind Danbomingcheng, stands Yanbozhishuang Hall, or “Cool on a Misty Lake” Hall, which was used as the emperor’s living quarters. Today, most of the hall has become a museum with Qing relics and artwork on exhibit. Visitors are rewarded with a glimpse into the lifestyle of Qing royalty. Other famous halls in the palace section include Wanhesongfeng, which stands by the lakeside, encircled by pine trees, and was used as an imperial study, and Songhezhai, which housed the emperor’s mother as well as his concubines.
Garden Section
The garden section can be further divided into a lake section, plains section, and mountain section.
Lake Section
The lake section is north of the palace section and covers about 80 hectares. Unlike the Summer Palace’s Kunming Lake, which is an open expanse of water, the lakes here are smaller, more-complicated, interconnected affairs, and come in a variety of shapes and sizes and feature islets, causeways, bridges, pavilions, etc. One of the most beautiful sites in the lake section is the “Moon Color and River Sound” Islet. When night falls, the surrounding waters shimmer with moonlight. It is so peaceful and picturesque. The lakeside buildings were designed in the style of southern Chinese architecture, and look transplanted from Jiangsu or Zhejiang.
Flatland Section
The flatlands north of the lake section are covered with both grassland and forest. There are no buildings here with the exception of a few Mongolian yurts. The southwest corner of this section was devoted to horse riding. Emperor Qianlong often entertained Mongolian princes here, with barbeque dinners, wrestling, horse racing, and archery. He also hosted grand banquets here for such distinguished guests as the sixth Panchen Lama and envoys from foreign countries.
Mountain Section
Four-fifths of the Imperial Summer Villa is mountainous, sloping down from the northwest to the southeast. The mountain section is merely the most mountainous area. Sites to visit here include the Qingchui Sunset Glow Pavilion, which offers gorgeous views of Qingchui Peak at sunset, which glows under the golden rays of the setting sun. The most breathtaking pavilion of the entire garden is perhaps the Snow Covered South Mountain Pavilion. Located high on a mountain in the garden, it offers panoramic views that include the entire Imperial Summer Villa, much of the surrounding countryside, and downtown Chengde. ( Text by Han Yueling and Allen Chai)
Chengde Summer Resort
Chengde Summer Resort is in the northern part of Chengde City, Hebei Province. Chengde Imperial Palace, also known as the Rehe Palace, is within the resort. The palace, covering an area of 5.64 million square meters and including 110 buildings with a combined floor space of 100,000 square meters, was where Qing emperors spent their summer days. Work on the palace began in 1703 and was completed in 1792. With a 10-kilometer-long zigzag palace wall, the resort is the largest intact imperial garden and palace in China. It was included in the UNESCO world heritage list in 1994.
The Summer Resort has a simple and elegant layout. It was built by the natural mountains and rivers and copying the landscape from southern Jiangsu Province and outside of the Shanhaiguan. The palaces in this large-scale imperial garden were built in a style of quadruple courtyards, with blue bricks and tiles.
There are two parts to the summer resort-the palace itself and a scenic area. The palace was where the emperor lived, handled state affairs and held celebrations or ceremonies. It is made up of the Front Palace(1), the Pine Crane Temple(2), the Pine-Soughing Valleys(3) and the East Palace(4). The scenic area includes a Lake District, a District of Plains and a Mountainous District. The Lake District reflects the landscape of the fish-and-rice villages in southern Jiangsu Province. The Rehe Springs are located in the northeast corner. The western part of the Plain District illustrates a grassland scene from Inner Mongolia while in the eastern part there are ancient trees like the forests of Greater Xingan Mountain. The densely forested mountainous area is on an undulating landscape.
To the northeast of the Summer Resort is a monumental temple complex composed of eight outer temples which were built from 1713to 1789. The temples are Furen Temple(5), Pule Temple(6), Anyuan Tempel(7), Puning Temple(8), Xumi Fushou Temple(9), Putuo Zongcheng Temple(10) and Shuxiang Temple(11). They were built in Han palace style and drew on the architectural styles of ethnic groups such as Mongolian, Tibetan and Ugyur.
The Pule, Puning and Xumi Fushou temples are the main structures of the complex. The Hall of Brightness in the Pule Temple which has a double-eave and doom roof is similar to the Hall of Prayer for Bountiful Harvests at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. In the Hall of the Bodhisattva of the Puning Temple there is a 22.23-meter-high Bodhisattva which has 1,000 armsand 1,000 eyes. The statue weighs 110 tonsandis.
the highest and largest wood statue in the world. Putuo Zongcheng Temple was modeled on the Potala Palace in Lhasa and is famous as Lesser Potala.
Notes:
1.Front Palace 正宫
2.the Pine Crane Temple 松鹤斋
3.the Pine-Soughing Valleys 万壑松风
4.the East Palace 东宫
5.Furen Temple 溥仁寺
6.Pule Temple 普乐寺
7.Anyuan Tempel 安远寺
8.Puning Temple 普宁寺
9.Xumi Fushou Temple须弥福寿之庙
10. Putuo Zongcheng Temple 普陀宗乘之庙
11. Shuxiang Temple 殊像寺
Chengde, lying in the northeast of Hebei Province, is close to Beijing, about 230 kilometers (140 miles) away, Tianjin, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao. The topography of Chengde is mainly divided into plateau and mountainous regions, including Yanshan, Yinshan and Qilaotushan mountains, as well as the Luanhe, Liaohe, Chaobaihe and Jiyunhe rivers flowing through the city.
Chengde, originally called Rehe was once the summer resort capital of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). It holds rich culture related to this history as well as many historic relics dating as far back as the Neolithic Age in this city. Ethnic groups such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qidan, Nvzhen, and Mongolian once led a nomadic existence in this region from the Qin (221BC-206) to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
As one of the first famous historic and cultural cities of the nation, Chengde has plenty of sceneries, with some of them being renowned both at home and abroad. The Mountain Resort and Eight Outer Temples are listed as the world cultural heritage sites, which have contributed towards Chengde being one of famous cities in the world.
Both the internal and the external transportation of Chengde are very well developed and although there is only a small-scale airport, chartered flights flying between Beijing and Chengde will provide you more choices for your journey. In addition, railway and road links can connect you to many cities, such as Tianjin, Shenyang, Baotou, Ulanhot, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia, etc. City buses provide a fine and integrated transport service; taxis are also a good choice due to their convenience and inexpensiveness.
While traveling in Chengde, you will have the opportunity to taste the unique local dishes and snacks, both of royal and folk flavors due to its historical links. Various hotels, rest houses and leisure places will also provide you with comfort and pleasure during your travels in this wondrous city.
By the end of the 17th century the Qing emperors had established their capital at Beijing, and they began to look around for somewhere cool and green to retreat to when the dusty heat of summer set in. They found what they were looking for at Chengde, beyond the Great Wall.
Here they created a summer residence, exploiting mountains, woods and other existing natural features to which they added contrived landscapes to make settings for innumerable pavillions, palaces and temples. Construction took a total of 87 years. The buildings and gardens cover an area of 560 hectares, and are surrounded by a wall 10 km. long.
Outside the palace walls, to the north and west, a total of 11 temples were built. Manyof them were built in Tibetan style. Divided into eight groups, they became known as the Eight Outer Temples. The main gates of these buildings pointed towards the palace, symbolising the unity of China's various ethnic groups under the central rule of the Qing emperors
The Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/703
Brief Description
The Mountain Resort (the Qing dynasty's summer palace), in Hebei Province, was built between 1703 and 1792. It is a vast complex of palaces and administrative and ceremonial buildings. Temples of various architectural styles and imperial gardens blend harmoniously into a landscape of lakes, pastureland and forests. In addition to its aesthetic interest, the Mountain Resort is a rare historic vestige of the final development of feudal society in China.
http://english.china.com/zh_cn/culture_history/heritages/11023762/20040914/11877501.html
要是不满意的话你再找找看吧，应该有很多的。
承德避暑山庄的英文~
Chengde Summer Resort
重点词汇：
1、Summer
英 [ˈsʌmə(r)] 美 [ˈsʌmɚ]
n.夏，夏天;全盛时期，黄金时代，壮年时期;[建]大梁，檀条，楣，柱顶石;岁数
adj.夏季的
v.度过夏季，避暑;使度过夏季，夏季放牧（家畜）
2、Resort
英 [rɪˈzɔ:t] 美 [rɪˈzɔ:rt]
vi.求助于或诉诸某事物，采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策
n.求助，凭借，诉诸;热闹场所，娱乐场，度假胜地;常去;采用的办法，求助[凭借]的对象
例句：
承德避暑山庄及其周围寺庙位于河北省承德市。
Mountain Resort and its outlying Temples of Chengde is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province.
扩展资料
避暑山庄始建于1703年，历经清康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝，耗时89年建成。避暑山庄以朴素淡雅的山村野趣为格调，取自然山水之本色，吸收江南塞北之风光，成为中国现存占地最大的古代帝王宫苑。
避暑山庄分宫殿区、湖泊区、平原区、山峦区四大部分，整个山庄东南多水，西北多山，是中国自然地貌的缩影，是中国园林史上一个辉煌的里程碑，是中国古典园林艺术的杰作，是中国古典园林之最高范例。
参考资料来源：百度百科-承德避暑山庄
Chengde Mountain Resort was the emperor's Summer Palace of the Qing Dynasty in china. 180 km from Beijing. By the emperor palace, royal gardens and magnificent temples. Mountain Resort is located in downtown Chengde to the north, Wulie River west area narrow Chengde Mountain Resort plaque Valley, villa construction layout can be roughly divided into two parts the palace area and park area, garden area can be divided into lakes, plain and mountainous part three. In 72 king Kangxi version of the emperor. Have a house, building, hall, hall, pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, Xuan, vegetarian, temple building of more than one place. China is the three largest ancient building complex, its greatest feature is the garden, in the garden hill. The Mountain Resort was built, the Qing emperor every year a large number of time in dealing with military and political events, receiving foreign envoys and frontier minority political leader. It occurs in a series of important events, important relics and artifacts, become Chinese multi-ethnic unified country finally the formation of historical testimony.
The Mountain Resort and the surrounding temples is a closely related organic whole, but also has a different style of strong contrast, Mountain Resort of elegant simplicity, its surrounding temples beautiful decoration. This is the Qing emperor one of important measures in handling ethnic relations. Due to the presence of numerous groups of historical and cultural heritage, the Mountain Resort and the surrounding temples became a national key cultural relics protection units, the ten major scenic spots, and forty-four scenic protection area, Chengde also became the first batch of twenty-four national historical and cultural city. The Mountain Resort and the the Summer Palace in Beijing, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, Lingering Garden in Suzhou and called the four famous gardens. The old version of the television series" Huanzhugege" first, two or three, were shot in Chengde Mountain Resort, Hill's amidst the floor is" wash Fang Zhai". In 2011" China tourism scenic spot among the 100" list, ranked sixty-first.
下面是中文：承德避暑山庄曾是中国清朝皇帝的夏宫。距离北京180公里。是由皇帝宫室、皇家园林和宏伟壮观的寺庙群所组成。避暑山庄位于承德市中心区以北，武烈河西岸一带狭长的 承德避暑山庄牌匾谷地上，山庄的建筑布局大体可分为宫殿区和苑景区两大部分，苑景区又可分成湖区、平原区和山区三部分。内有康熙乾隆钦定的72景。拥有殿、堂、楼、馆、亭、榭、阁、轩、斋、寺等建筑一百余处。是中国三大古建筑群之一，它的最大特色是山中有园，园中有山。避暑山庄兴建后，清帝每年都有大量时间在此处理军政要事，接见外国使节和边疆少数民族政教首领。这里发生的一系例重要事件、重要遗迹和重要文物，成为中国多民族统一国家最后形成的历史见证。
避暑山庄及周围寺庙是一个紧密关联的有机整体，同时又具有不同风格的强烈对比，避暑山庄朴素淡雅，其周围寺庙金碧辉煌。这是清帝处理民族关系重要举措之一。由于存在众多群体的历史文化遗产，使避暑山庄及周围寺庙成为全国重点文物保护单位、全国十大名胜、和四十四处风景名胜保护区之一，承德也因此成为全国首批二十四座历史文化名城。避暑山庄与北京的颐和园，苏州的拙政园，苏州的留园并称全国四大名园。旧版电视剧《还珠格格》第一、二、三部，均在承德避暑山庄取景拍摄，山庄里的烟雨楼就是“漱芳斋”。2011年跻身“中国旅游百强景区”榜单，名列第61位。
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