被动语态有几种形式 被动语态的几种用法????

各种时态的被动语态构成：

1、一般现在时的被动语态形式：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词；

2、一般过去时的被动语态形式：_____ +及物动词的过去分词；

3、现在进行时的被动语态形式：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词；

4、过去进行时的被动语吵族态形式：was / were + being +及物动词的过去分词；

5、一般将来时的被动语态形式：_____/ be going to + be +及物动词的过去分词；

6、现在完成时的被动语态形式：have / has + been  +及物动词的过去分词；

7、过去完成时的被动语态形式：had + been +及物动词的过去分词；

注意：被动语态可含有情态动词，结构是“情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词”。

扩展资料

主动语态变被动语态

①主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语升闹弊。

②主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。

③主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成弯闹介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by短语可以省略。

④主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。如：

We repaired the motor.

The motor was repaired by us.

一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：

2、被动语态的句式变化：
以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：

3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
三、被动语态的用法：
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
2、 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：
The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说老冲桐明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有
It is reported that…据报道
It is said that…据说
It is believed that…大家相信
It is suggested that…有人建议

四、主动语态变为被动语态

转换图示：

1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：
注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
注意：
They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

（1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，侍坦变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调判迹者除外。如：
They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.
这所医院建于1975年。
Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作。
The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。
（2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told (to) us by Jack.

五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen， cost，take，have
An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.（ ）
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
This book sells well.这本书畅销。

六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。
The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。
6．过去完成时(had been+done)
They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。
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被动语态有几种形式被动语态一共有几种形式 分别是什~

1.主动语态：强调动作的执行者
2.被动语态：强调动作的对象
3.被动语态的构成：
A: am, are ,is +done
B: was/ were +done
C: shall/ will + done
D: should/ would be +done
E: am/ are/ is+ being +done
F: was/ were +being + done
G: have / has + been +done
H: had + been +done
I: shall / will have been done
J: should / would have been don
4.被动语态的用法：当不知道动作的执行者时，或者就是强调动作的对象时。
5.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be+过去分词
6.被动常用句型:
主语＋get+ 过去分词＋其它。
主语＋be+形容词＋to be+过去分词＋其它。
主语＋谓语＋to be+过去分词＋其它。
主语＋被动式谓语＋介词/副词+(by执行者)
It + 被动式谓语+名/形+实际主语+其它。
It +被动式谓语＋实际主语（that(连接疑问代词或连接疑问副词＋从句)。
主语＋被动式谓语＋主语补足语＋其它。
主语＋被动式谓语＋被动不定式＋其它。

语态：语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系，指出谓语动词的动作是由主语发出的还是主语是动词的承受者。英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
1.主动语态：表示谓语动词的动作是由主语发出的。这时主语是动作的执行者。例如：
I have finished this work. 我完成了这件工作。（“have finished”这个动作是由“I”发出的，因此“I”就是动作的执行者。）
He went out when I got there.当我到那儿时，他出去了。
2.被动语态：当句子的主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者时，或者主语是动作的对象。因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。例如：
He was punished by his father. 他受到他父亲的惩罚。(句中的“He”就是谓语动词“punished”的承受者。）
在被动语态的句子中，如果想强调动作的执行者时，用介词by加动作的执行者来表示。例如：
On the way home, he was beaten by Tom. 在回家的路上，他被汤姆打了。
The glass on the desk was broken by me. 桌子上的玻璃杯是我打碎的。

常用的十种被动语态
被动语态的构成：助动词be ＋动词的过去分词。英语中最常用的被动语态有十种：
1.一般现在时：由am / are / is ＋done构成。例如：
I am often praised by the teachers. 我经常受到老师们的表扬。
He is a good teacher. He is respected by the teachers and his students. 他是位好老师，受到师生们的好评。
You are wanted on the phone.有你的电话。
2.一般过去时：由was / were＋done构成。例如：
I was asked to go to Harbin on business yesterday.我昨天被派往哈尔滨出差了。
This teaching building was completed the day before yesterday.这栋教学大楼是前天竣工的。
She was criticized because she was late for school yesterday.由于昨天上学迟到，她受到了批评。
This novel was published in 1998. 这本小说是在1998年出版的。
3.一般将来时：由shall / will be＋done构成。例如：
The sports meeting will be put off.运动会将被推迟。
I am sure that we shall be invited to the party.我们肯定会被邀请参加舞会的。
He will be sent to work the United States.他将被派往美国去工作。
4.一般过去将来时：由should / would be ＋done构成。例如：
He told me that he would be asked to attend the opening ceremony.他告诉我说他将被邀请参加开幕式。
She said that the work would be done by herself.她说她将自己做此工作。
I asked him if he would be criticized by the teacher. 我问他是否会受到老师的批评。
5.现在进行时：由am / are / is ＋being＋done构成。例如：
The new teaching building is being built. 新的教学大楼正在修建。
The street in front of my house is being widened. 我家前面的那条街道正在加宽。
Listen! He is being punished by the teacher.听！老师在惩罚他。
6.过去进行时：由was/ were ＋being＋done构成。例如：
He realized that he was being made fun of.他意识到有人在取笑他。
When I got there, the case which happened five days ago was being investigated.
我到那儿时，五天前发生的案件正在调查。
My little brother was being scolded by my father when I got home.
我到家时，我小弟弟正在受我父亲的责备。
7.现在完成时：由have / has ＋been＋done构成。例如：
This class has been taught by me for three years. 这个班我已经教了三年了。
He has been praised since he came here.自从他来这儿以来，一直受到表扬。
This computer has been repaired. 这台电脑已经修好了。
This novel has been translated into English and French.这本小说已被译成了英语和法语。
8.过去完成时：由had ＋been＋done构成：例如：
By the time I came back, the work had been finished.到我回来时，此工作已经完成。
When I got there , he had been killed.我到那儿时，他已经被人杀害了。
He told me that production costs in their factory had been greatly reduced.他告诉我说他们工厂的生产成本大大地降低了。
9.将来完成时：由shall / will ＋have＋been＋done构成。例如：
The work will have been finished by the time I come back. 到我回来时此工作将已完成。
The new factory will have been completed by the end of this month.到这个月末，这个新工厂将已竣工。
10.过去将来完成时：由should / would ＋have＋been＋done构成。例如：
It was reported that this building would have been completed by the end of this month.据报道，这栋楼将在这个月未以前将已竣工。
He said that Book one would have been finished by the end of this term.他说到本学期末以前第一册书将已学完。
现将各种时态的被动语态的构成列表如下：
时间 现在 过 去 将来 过 去 将 来
一般时 am(are, is ) done
was / were done
shall / will be done should / would be done
进行时
am (are, is )being done was /were being done
完成时 have(has)been done
had been done
shall / will have been done would have been done

情态动词和一些特殊情况的被动态：
1.情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词。例如：
This work must be finished before tomorrow. 此工作必须在明天以前完成。
She should have been criticized for her carelessness in the exam.她在考试中粗心大意，本来应该受到批评。
He must have been injured in that accident.在那次事故中他一定受伤了。
As we have known, good things can be turned into bad things.众所周知，好事也能变成坏事。
2.have to do , ought to do , be to do , 和 be going to do的被动式是把do变成be done。例如：
If you think we are to be bullied, you are wrong.如果你认为我们好欺侮的话，你错了。
This book is going to be finished next week.这本书将在下周写完。
This problem ought to have been taken into consideration.这个问题本来应该考虑吗。
在以下情况用被动语态：
1.不知道或也没有必要说明动作的执行者时：例如：
This city is well supplied with water.这个城市供水情况良好。
The meeting has been postponed till Friday.会议延期到星期五举行。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.请参观者不要用手摸展品。
2.当说话人强调动作的执行者时：例如：
This school was set up by me. 这所学校是我办的。
This teaching building was designed by my brother.这栋教学楼是我弟弟设计的。
常用的被动句句型
1、主语＋get＋过去分词＋其他。
本句型在口语中用的比较多。其特点不能和by＋动作的执行者连用。例如：
She got killed in the First World War.她在第一次世界大战中被杀害。
He got dismissed from the factory yesterday.昨天他被工厂开除了。
This story eventually got translated into English. 这篇小说终于译成了英语。
2、主语＋be＋形容词＋to＋be＋过去分词＋其他。
本句型的特点：谓语是由两部分合成的。第一部分是“be＋形容词”起着辅助说明的作用；而第二部分是不定式的被动态，起着决定性的作用。例如：
She was unlucky to be injured in that accident.她不幸的是在事故中受伤。
No matter where you go, you are bound to be received warmly. 你无论到哪儿，一定会受到热情地接待。
Cast Iron is apt to be broken.生铁容易破裂。
3、主语＋谓语＋to be ＋过去分词＋其它。
本句型的特点：谓语由两部分构成。第一部分是主动态，而第二部分是被动语态，是此句型表达的主要内容。例如：
Would you like to be taught English? 你愿意学习英语吗？
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside after graduation.毕业之后他请求到农村去工作。
He seemed to be shut up in himself like a shellfish.他看来像贝壳似地把自己关闭起来，一点也不作声。
4、主语＋被动式谓语＋介词或者副词＋by执行者。
本句型的特点是：被动的谓语动词之后本来就带有介词或者副词，一定要注意介词和副词不能省略。例如：
She was well looked after when I was away.当我不在时，她被照顾得很好。
That man over there can be depended on. 那边的那个人是可以依赖的。
5、 It（形式主语）＋被动式谓语＋名词或者形容词＋实际主语＋其它。
本句型的特点：It是形式主语，实际主语应该是动词不定式短语、动词不定式复合结构（for sb. to do sth.）、动词名词的复合结构（one’s doing ）。例如：
It was found hard for us to master English in a year.我们已经发现要在一年之内精通英语是很难的。
It was proved right to do it.做那件事已经证明是正确的。
6、 It＋被动式谓语＋实际主语（that或者连接疑问代词或者连接疑问副词＋从句）。
本句型的特点：It的用法和句型5相同，是形式主语，实际主语是由that或者疑问代词或者疑问副词引导的从句。把实际主语放在句尾，就是平衡句子结构。例如：
It has been made clear who will take part in the sports meet.谁将参加运动会已经宣布了。
It has been decided when and where we are to hold the meeting. 我们何时何地举行会议，已经决定了。
7、主语＋被动式谓语＋（介词）＋保留宾语＋（by＋执行者）。例如：
The matter was then reported to every student by telephone.这件事后来用电话报告给每个学生。
Education must be combined with production labor. 教育必须与生产劳动相结合。
Mr. Black was given a prize.布拉克先生得了奖。
8、主语＋被动式谓语＋主语补足语（不定式、现在分词、名词、形容词、介词短语等）＋（其它）。
本句型的特点：在主动句型中，补足语是宾语补足语；但在被动句中，是主语补足语。例如：
He was appointed manager of the company.他被任命为公司的经理。
His father was pronounced out of danger by the doctor. 医生已经宣布他的父亲脱离危险状态。
Because of his illness, he was not permitted to play cricket.因为他有病，不许他玩板球。
You needn’t have been kept waiting. 你们本来不必等了吗。
I lose my key. The truck had to be broken open.我丢了钥匙，只得把衣箱破开。
9、主语＋被动式谓语＋被动不定式＋其它。
本句型的特点：由于谓语动词是被动，其后的动词不定式也是被动，因此形成双重被动。例如：
Any books and magazines are not permitted to be taken out of the library. 任何书刊不准带出图书馆。
The chairman in this country is reported to have been murdered the day before yesterday. 据报道这个国家的主席前天被谋杀。
These arms are supposed to have been used by partisans during the Second World War.人们认为这种武器在第二次世界大战中被游击队使用过。
She is said to have been shot in the United States last year.据说去年她在美国被杀害。
使用被动语态时应注意的事项
1、动词be ＋过去分词这个结构，并非都是被动结构。有时是系表结构。两者的区别是：系表结构表示主语的所处的状态或者主语的特点；而被动结构表示动作。例如：
The bowl is broken. 这个碗碎了。（系表结构）
The bowl was broken by my little brother.这个碗是我小弟弟打破的。（被动结构）
The classroom is crowded with students.教室里挤满了学生。（系表示结构）
The students were crowded into the classroom.学生们被塞到教室里。（被动结构）
The teaching building is completed.教学楼已经修好。（系表结构）
The teaching building was completed last month.教学楼是上个月建成的。（被动结构）
2、在动词need，require 和want之后用主动表示被动。如：
The room needs cleaning / to be cleaned.这个房间需要清扫了。
The floor requires washing / to be washed. 地板需要洗刷了。
3、形容词worth之后用主动表示被动。例如：
The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看.
He told Tom’s mother that Tom was not bright and was not worth teaching.他告诉汤姆的母亲,汤姆不聪明,不值得一教。
4、并非所有的及物动词都能变成被动态，当动词表示某种情况或状态时，而不是表示动作时，就不能用被动结构。常用的动词有：become of 结果成为，遭受，look like看起来象，suit适合，contain 包含，equal 等于，hold容纳，mean意味着，consist of 由……组成等。例如：
I joined the Party in 1978. 我是在1978入党的。
This room can hold 100 people. 这个房间能容纳100人。
This book belongs to me. 这本书属于我的。
5、 动词have不论在什么情况下都不能用于被动语态。
I have some English books.我有一些英语书。
We will have a meeting after class.下课之后我们开个会。
We had a wonderful time yesterday.昨天我们玩得很痛快。
6、当及物动词reach, leave , enter，turn 等的宾语是表示地点或者是处所时，只能用主动语态。例如：
I will ring you up as soon as I reach Beijing.一到北京，我就给你打电话。
She left Harbin for Shanghai the day before yesterday.前天她离开哈尔滨去上海了。
7、一般来说，当动词的宾语是动名词或者是不定式时不能变成被动语态。例如：
I hope to do this work by myself. 我希望自己做此工作。
Do you like to do some reading？ 你喜欢读点书吗？
8、当宾语是主语身体的一部分时，一般来说，不能变成被动语态。例如：
At the bad news, she shook her head sadly. 一听到这个坏消息，他就悲伤地摇了摇头。
You should not have put your hands into your pockets.你本来就不应该把手放在衣袋里。
9、将来进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态。如果遇到这种情况时，可以用一般将来时和现在完成完成时的被动语态来代替。例如：
We have been doing this work for about three hours.
This work has been done by us for about three hours.
我们做此工作一直做了大约三个小时了。
10、一些由动词变来的名词，以—er或者—or结尾时含有主动的意义，而—ee结尾时含有被动的意义。例如：
The employee says hello to the employer every morning.每天早晨雇员向雇主问候。
The payer didn’t believe in the payee.付款人不信任收款人。

语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词形式为主动语态（The active voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词形式为被动语态（The passive voice）。
　　例如：
　　1.Many people speak Chinese.（主动语态）
　　解析：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
　　2.Chinese is spoken by many people.（被动语态）
　　解析：many people是speak 的动作的承受者。
　　一、被动语态的基本结构
　　被动语态的基本结构是“be +动词的过去分词”，而对于动词的各种时态的被动语态结构要做相应的变化。各种时态的被动语态如下：
　　1．一般现在时：主语+am／is/are＋动词的过去分词
　　例如：English is spoken in Canada.
　　2．一般过去时：主语+was／were＋spoken＋动词的过去分词
　　例如：Many trees were planted last year.
　　3．一般将来时：主语+will／be going to be＋动词的过去分词
　　例如：A new bridge will be built in this city next year.
　　4. 现在进行时：主语+am／is／are being＋动词的过去分词
　　例如：The World Cup is being held in Germany now.
　　5．过去进行时：主语+was/were being＋动词的过去分词
　　例如：My computer was being used by him when I went to get it back.
　　6．现在完成时：主语+have／has been＋动词的过去分词
　　例如：Papers and printing have been used for ages.
　　7．过去完成时：主语+had been +动词的过去分词
　　例如：The bag had been left at home when I got to school.
　　8．情态动词：主语+情态动词+be＋动词的过去分词
　　例如：Books can be replaced by computers.
二、何时使用被动语态
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要，如：
（1）Paper is made from wood.
（2）The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.
（3）He was wounded in the fight.
　　2.需要强调动作的承受者时，如：
　　（1）Calculator can't be used in the math exam.
　　（2）Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.
　　（3）He was awarded first prize in that contest.
　　3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。例如：
　　（1）The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
　　（2）Electricity is used to run machines.
　　三、主动语态和被动语态的转换
　　主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意三个方面：
　　1.把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语
　　2.把主动语态的谓语动词改为相应的被动语态的结构
　　3.把主动语态的主语改为“by+原主语（主格变宾格）”，放在主谓结构之后,在意思明确时by短语可以省略。例如：
　　（1）We speak English.
　　（2）English is spoken by us.
　　四、被动语态需要注意的地方
　　1.只有及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。例如：Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.（have taken place不可表达为have been taken place，因为take place为不及物动词）。
　　2.含有双宾语的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：
　　（1）把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍留在原位。
　　（2）把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。例如：
　　She gave the boy a book.
　　The boy was given a book.或The book was given to the boy.
　　3.短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时，要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可漏掉。这样的短语有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of ,etc.例如：
　　（1）You must take care of your dog.
　　（2）Your dog must be taken care of.
　　4. 主动句中在感官动词see, look at, hear, listen to, feel, watch, notice及使役动词make, let, have等动词后应跟不带to的动词不定式,而在被动句中应加上不定式符号to。例如：
　　（1）I saw Tom enter the room.
　　（2）Tom was seen to enter the room.
　　5.宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。例如：
　　（1）I will do it myself.
　　（2）The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang
　　6.有些被动语态结构成了习惯用法。例如：
　　（1）It is said that… 据说…
　　（2）It is(was) reported that…据报道…
　　（3）It is well-known that…众所周知…
　　五、主动形式表被动意义的情况
　　1. 有些表示状态特征的系动词、感官动词，如look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear, sound, turn out 等+形容词/名词的系表结构。如：

The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美。

2. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如：read, write, act, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink, keep, feel,burn, last, strike, cut等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。或与表示行为方式的状语连用，或与情态动词连用。如：

This coat dries easily. 这件大衣很容易干。

The door won't lock. 这扇门锁不上。

3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, move。如：

Work began at 7 o'clock this morning. 今天早晨的工作是7点开始的。

4. 少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如：print, build, cook, fry, hang, build, make。如：

The books are printing. 这些书正在印刷中。

5. 介词in, on, under ... + 名词构成的介词短语表示被动意义。如：

The house facing the tower is in the possession of Mr Bob. 面对着塔的屋子是Bob的。

6. 当get, become, go 等动词用作系动词，其表语是过去分词时，可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。如：

The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。

7. 某些不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词如break out, go well, take place, occur等。如：

What body changes occur when the sperm whale drives? 抹香鲸潜入水中时，身体会发生什么变化？

8. want, need, require等动词后用V-ing形式可以表示被动意义。如：

The machine needs repairing. 这台机器需要修理了。

9. 形容词worth + V-ing分词时。如：

This book is well worth reading again. 这本书很值得再读一遍。


　　六、被动语态与系表结构的区别
　　“be+过去分词”形式在句子中可能是一个被动语态的谓语，也可能是一个系表结构的谓语。对于它们的区别主要从它们表达的意义上看，而不是从形式上看。系表结构中的过去分词是表示主语的特征或状态，而被动结构则是表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：
　　1.The door is closed at nine every day.（行为，被动结构）
　　2.The door is closed now.（状态，系表结构）
　　3.The letter was written yesterday.（行为，被动结构）
　　4.The letter is written in English.（状态，系表结构）

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