英文倒装句 英语的倒装句

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给你找了一段比较详尽的解释 有例句和例题什么的 看了之后你就全懂了

倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。
倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
1.完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
例如:In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。)
2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)
3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。
例:Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.(那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。)
例:_________ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
A) Jumped down the burglar B) Down the burglar jumped
C) The burglar jumps down D) Down jumped the burglar
答案是D) Down jumped the burglar。因为地点状语Down位于句首应该用完全倒装,整个谓语动词应位于主语之前。C) The burglar jumps down虽然是自然语序,但时态错误,应该用和时间状语从句一致的过去时,而不是现在时。
注意:
1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。
例:Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)
Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)
2) 注意正语序和倒装语序的语气、意义是区别:
例:Here is the picture I love.(这正是我所喜爱的画。)
The picture I love is here.(我所喜爱的话在这里。)
3) 当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用。
例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸运,被一所名牌大学录取了。)
2. 部分倒装
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
例:1996年6月四级第42题
_______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A) Would she leave B) if she leave
C) were she to leave D) If she had left
结合选项,全句的意思是:“如果她立刻就走,她就能在星期天到达那里”。答案是C。
2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:
例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。)
例:1999年6月四级第66题
In no country ______ Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
A) better than B) more than C) other than D) rather than
本题是个倒装句,答案是C) other than。no other than意思是“正是、就是”;而rather than的意思是“宁愿……而不……;而不是”。
3) 以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以及only。
例:1997年6月四级第43题
Only under special circumstances _________ to take make-up tests.
A) are freshmen permitted C) permitted are freshmen
B) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen
全句的意思是:“一年级学生只有在特殊的情况下才可以允许补考。”本陈述句以only开始,后面接状语,应当用部分倒装句。所以答案是A) are freshmen permitted。如用自然语序,本题所在的句子就应该改写为:Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.这两句话的差别是,前者将only under special circumstances放到句首,表示对状语的强调。注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。
注意:
a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装:
例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)
b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:
例: It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。)
c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。
例:Hardly any people having been invited went there.(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。)
4) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装,因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面,然后才是主语和谓语,形成形式上的部分倒装句:
例:I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.(我一点也不了解这条河,不知道它有多长,多宽或多深。)
5) 由as引导的部分倒装句:
a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。
例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn';t seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。)
She ran down the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑下楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!)
b) 当as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。
例:_______, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.
A) As she was exhausted B) If she was exhausted
C) Exhausted though she was D) Now that she was exhausted
答案是C) Exhausted though she was。从属连词as, though可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词(或形容词化的分词)、名词或动词原形开头,主语必须位于从句之后。D) Now that she was exhausted里的引导词Now that表示“既然”;B) If she was exhausted表示条件“如果”; A) As she was exhausted表示“由于”(因为使用的是正语序),都与后面句子的意思不通顺。
c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。
例:Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.(因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。)
d) 等于so时,意义是“也,也是”
例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
3. 其它情况的倒装句
1) so, neither, nor除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a) 当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句:
例:I asked him to complete the experiment before five, so he did (=and he did that).(我让他在5点以前完成实验,他做到了。)
b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分:
例:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.(他的要价如此之高,令每个人都瞠目结舌。)
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.(她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于两个演员都走出去了。)
c) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为:
完全倒装时:表示"也不",和上文a)用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例:You don';t know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .(你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道。)
和其它否定副词连用,表示"也(不)",也要求用完全倒装句:
例:The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither could they retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)
注意:若把这句话改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)"就不必倒装。
例:1990年1月四级第59题
She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.
A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever
C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did
本题的句子是一个并列句,全句意思是:“她从来不大声笑,也没有发过脾气”。当前面的分句含否定意义而且后面的分句也含否定的意思时,后面的反句通常用含否定意义的nor(或neither)连接。此外,nor(或neither)连接的分句应当用倒装句,及其谓语中的情态动词、连系动词或助动词应放主语之前。所以B) nor did she ever是答案。本句相当于:"…, and she never lost her temper, either"。
1) 用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装:
例:All that is true, nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记。)
2) 部分倒装,有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同:
例:A: I couldn';t do anything for her.(我帮不了她。)
B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。)
3) 在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装:
例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。)
Her face is rather pale and even paler are her hands.(她的脸色苍白,她的手更白。)

首先要理解什么是倒装句,倒装句说白了也是在动词上玩些游戏罢了,而且所有的倒装句无外乎就是动词提前和变形罢了。
再说说倒装句中的常见部分,一个是部分倒装,一个是完全倒装,从字面上看来一个是部分,一个是整体,那么这两个之间有什么区别呢,区别就在于动词组是部分提前还是全部提前,就像我之前所说的那样,是在玩动词游戏,那么部分只是玩动词组的一部分,而完全则是玩全部。
什么是动词组呢,动词组就是像情态动词,助动词,实意动词等等组合在一起就是动词组,想经典的本字结构一样,should have done这个就是一个包含三种动词的动词组,现在来看看如果是部分倒装应该怎么办呢,原则: 除了实意动词以外的没有实际意义的词提前,在主语前面,就变成了should have + 主语 +done。这个就是部分倒装,当然这个只是例子,而且没有标志词等等再解释标志词, 而完全倒装呢则是: should have done + 主语
发现两者的区别了没有,就是实意动词是否也进行倒装的区别啦。
如果有薄冰英语的话可以看看589页下面的部分,上面有几个字需要看看,1.是一种句子结构,2. 是表示强调语气的,在英语中也有类似的语法现象,就像很多时态一样,16种时态中,真真有实际含义的也就只有4种,就是小学学过的四种,现在,现在进行,过去,将来,这4种,而其他的失态为何存在呢,原因很简单,就是表示情感和一部分实际含义的作用,说白了就是强调,而且时态也有自己固定的句子结构,所以说这就是和倒装很相像的语法了。
那么既然只有强调的作用,那么就是说很多句子可用可不用。
这个就要考究当时你对事情的情感了,如果强烈,就用,不强烈,可以不用,而并不是一定要用的。
总之倒装非常的麻烦而且用法很多很多,也很灵活,这里不好多说了。但是薄冰语法书中就讲述的很不错,像there be句型也是倒装句,(虽然我不这样认为。)但是给人感觉倒装无处不在。
如果还有什么疑问或者觉得不懂得地方也可以探讨一下,qq263731862
至于标志词,其实也就是强调词,想only here never等等都是的,这里好好体会一下,这里的词都是副词,而且给认得感觉带有强调的意味和指令性,所以这样的词就是标志词,不需要去记的,体会好了以后还有很多新的也就自然而然的会了

所谓完全倒装,就是将谓语动词置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件:①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词,且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时;②主语只能是名词
一、以here等副词开头引出的完全倒装
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

二、以表语或状语开头引出的完全倒装

Among the people was a man named Brown. 在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。

On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 这山顶上有一座庙。

三、there be 结构及其变体的完全倒装

There is a tall tree in front of the house. 这房子前面有一棵树。

注:在there be结构中,可以代替be的还有以下动词:live, lie, stand, appear, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。如:

Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。

四、直接引语放在句首引起的完全倒装

若直接引语的部分或全部放在句首,并且说话人是名词时,将say或ask置于说话人前,构成完全倒装。如:

“Are you ready?” asked the teacher. “准备好了没有?”老师问道。

“It is unbelievable!”said Alfred Butts. 阿尔弗雷德·布滋说,“这真叫人难以置信!”

部分倒装
1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:

Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。

Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。

By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。

2. only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句首时,其后用部分倒装。如:

Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。

3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。如:

He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌,我也会。

He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影,我也没有看。

She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美,她妈妈年轻时也很美。

4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时,可省略 if,将 were, should, had 置于句首。如:

Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我就会拒绝。

Had I realized that(=If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点,我可能会采取某种行动(from www.yygrammar.com)。

5. so...that 结构中,将 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序。如:

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.

只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.

将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装
只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装

英语倒装句~

倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化,主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种:
一、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装,如:
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,即为部分倒装,如:
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时,句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有:
Not only…(but also),        Not until(直到…..才),
No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不)        Nwhere
At no time        Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不)       In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用,需注意:后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装,只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如:Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中,需填入的是倒装部分,只要在句首见到上述的词,就应条件反射的想到用倒装句
例题:
(1)
---- was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
(A) Not until 1866
(B) Until 1866, just
(C) Until 1866
(D) In 1866, not until

答案:A
解释:由被动式was laid被名词短语分割开可知, 此句是个部分倒装句, 选项中只有A否定词提前可引导倒装句, 1866应是until的宾语, 故D不对; 此句正常语序应为: The first fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866.

(2)
Not until 1931 ---- the official anthem of the United States.
(A) “The Star-spangled Banner” did become
(B) when “The Star-spangled Banner” became
(C) did “The Star-spangled Banner” become
(D) became “The Star-spangled Banner”

答案:C
解释:否定词not放在句首引起部分倒装,只有C符合倒装语序

第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语,且主语偏长时,往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首,引起主谓的全部倒装
如:In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.

例题:
(1)
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ----, or pronghorn.
(A) it is the American antelope
(B) the American antelope is
(C) is the American antelope
(D) the American antelope

答案:C
解释:此句为形容词短语be typical of作表语前置引起的完全倒装句, 空白处缺少的实为倒装的主语和谓语动词, A B未倒装, 可首先排除; D无动词, 也可排除. 此句正常语序应为: The American antelope, or pronghorn, is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent.

(2)
The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of ice ----that allowed the original forests to survive.
(A) that many sanctuaries were
(B) were many sanctuaries
(C) were there many sanctuaries
(D) there the many sanctuaries

答案:B
解释:and是并列句的连接词,逗号前是分句一,and后是分句二. 因分句二中between引导的介词短语提前,空格处需要分句二倒装的主谓语,D无谓语,可先排除;A使原句只有从句无主句; C中there是多余的,只能选B
第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装,可分以下几种情况:
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前,必须部分倒装
如:Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.

2. often, such, so等副词提前,部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.
注意,so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida.
加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入,佛罗里达也是这样
   
同理,体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.
他不会跳舞,我也不会。
   
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前,全部倒装
如:Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.

例题:
(1)
 As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the
          A      B     C        D
 environment.

答案:D
应改为:has
解释:逗号后是副词so引起的倒装句,表示同前者相同,倒装的助动词应与前一句一致,也用has

(2)
Only outside the Earth's atmosphere ---- to attain extremely high velocities.
(A) to be safe for a space vessel
(B) is it safe for a space vessel
(C) for a space vessel to be safe
(D) a space vessel to be safe

答案:B
解释:副词only引导状语放在句首时,句子需要部分倒装,只有B符合题意
第四节 疑问倒装
疑问句需部分倒装语序,由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。
如:What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?

例题:
(1)
Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people----long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
(A) will they live
(B) they will be living
(C) will live
(D) living

答案:C
解释:此句是how many 引导的疑问句, 缺少倒装的谓语部分, 但因主语people已出现在句首疑问词之后, 不需要再进行主谓倒装. A B 中的they是people的重复, 没有必要; D 不能单独作谓语

As it was published at such a time,
was published,被动
供参考

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