谁能帮我总结一下高一英语短语. 高一英语短语整理总结

高考英语必备词组
agree vi.同意;持相同意见I cannot agree with you on this point.在这一点上,我不能同意你的意见。
sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见
sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人 agree to sb 建议 agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见
agree up sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree to do sth 同意干某事
break vt.打破;损坏;破坏 We should all take a little break before dessert. 吃甜点之前我们大家应该稍微休息一下。 break down 机器坏了=go wrong 身体垮了/终止谈话 11) I had never seen a grown man break down and cry. 我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声。
break in 闯入,插话 break off 忽然停止讲话/断绝,结束/暂停工作,休息
break out (战争等)爆发;逃出(无被动式) break through 打破包围
break up 驱散,学校的放学 The police had to employ force to break up the crowd.警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。 break away from 脱离,逃说,与...断绝来往/改变某种习惯
bring vt.拿来;带来;取来 I'll bring some of my pictures into the gallery. 我就带一些我的摄影到艺廊来。 bring about =cause, result in, lead to bring down 使倒下,使下降 bring force 使产生,引起
bring forward 提出建议=put forward/提前
bring in =get in the pops/使得到某种收入 Mr. Li: Oh… would you kindly allow me to bring in h… would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet durian? It is the favorite of my sister.李先生：喔…您能允许我带些榴莲吗？它是我姐姐最喜欢的水果。 bring back to one's mind 使回想起
bring up sb 抚养某人 bring up sth 提出 bring up 呕吐 bring to an end 结束=come to an end
call vt.叫喊;打电话给… I'll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。
call on sb 拜访,号召 call at 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠
call for 需要 And there's a phone call for you, Mr. Bennett. Bennett先生 有你的电话。
call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事 call off 取消(计划,比赛)
call out (call out+to sb.)大声地叫 call up sb 打电话
call in 请进来 We'll call in a couple of days. 我们两三天后打电话。
carry vt.携带;运载;传送 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。
carry out 进行到底,贯彻执行 4) Tomorrow, Sandra will carry out the garbage. 明天珊多拉将会收拾垃圾的。 carry out 是成就、完成的惯用语,但在此地,一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把 garbage 运到外面去。
carry on 进行下去,坚持下去 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry away 拿走,入迷,被...吸引 carry forward 推进,发扬(精神)
carry off 抢走,夺走/获得奖品 carry through 进行到底,完成计划 carry sb through 使...渡过难关
catch vt.捉;抓住 vi.接住 We didn't catch anything. 我们什么也没有钓著。
catch up 赶上 33. He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他与世隔绝一个月,力图把功课赶上去。
catch on 勾住,绊倒 catch at 想抓住 A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者见草也要抓;急何能择。 be caught in the rain 被雨淋 catch up with 赶上某人,补上工作
clear a.清澈[晰]的 vt.清除 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。
clear up (天气)转晴,澄清事实,整理收拾 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。
clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散 clear off 消除(积雪)等障碍,把...拆掉,擦掉,清除
come vi.到来; 变得; 到达 May I come in? 我能进来吗？
come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到
come on 快点(口),开始,到来,举行,走吧,一起去 Oh, come on now. 噢 别这样了。
come at 向...扑过来,向...袭击 7. We may come at another time.我们可以另找个时间来。
come down 倒下,(温度,价格)下降,病倒 come forward 涌现,主动地响应要求做某事
come in 进来,上市 And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection? 你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗
come from 来自于 I come from Japan. 我来自日本。 come out 出来,出发,结果 Did Mitchell Johnson's review come out yet? Mitchell Johnson的评论出来了没有 ?
come to 苏醒,总共,达到,得到谅解 When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你？
come up sb 走进 come up 种子生长发育,被提出 and I'll come up with something. 我会想出个办法的。
come to one's rescuers 帮助
come true 实现 I know, but it's still a dream come true. 我知道 但这终究是一个梦想实现了。
cut v.割,切,削减,切断 they cut patches 剪下布块
cut sth in half 把...砍成两半 cut away 切除 He cut away a dead branch.他砍掉一根枯干的树枝。
cut through 走近路,剌穿 cut down 砍倒,减少,压缩(开支)
cut off 切断(关系,来往）,中止(电话,思维) 3. He was cut off from his fellows.他和同伴失去联系。
cut out 删掉/改掉(恶习),停止 in a short cut 诀窍
do v.aux.助动词(无词意) What do you call this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？
do with 涉及到 What are you going to do with the books? 你打算拿这些书怎么办？
do up one's hair 盘起长发 do up sth 包/捆起来 do out 打扫,收拾
do away with =get rid of 废除,去掉,取消
die vi.死亡; 枯死; 熄灭 I will die before I'll eat that carrot. 如果要我吃胡萝卜,我宁愿去死。
dir from 因饥渴,战争,被污染的意外死亡 die off 因年老,疾病而死亡
die away 声音变弱,渐渐消失/停息,消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火)
die out 熄灭,变弱,消失,灭绝(动物)
fall vi.落下;跌倒;陷落 to fall 坠下,掉下
fall a sleep 去睡觉=go to sleep fall ill 病了 335. Be careful not to fall ill． 注意不要生病了。
fall across 遇见(偶然) fall back 后退,后撤 fall behind 落后,跟不上
fall in 集合/陷入 29. The necessary outcome of a war is a fall in production.战争带来的必然结果就是生产力下降。
fall into 陷入+名词 A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。
fall off 减少,从...摔下来 to fall off a bench 从长椅上掉下来 fall on 看到,落在...上面
fall short of 缺乏 fall out of 放弃
get vi.变得,成为;到达 When do you get up everyday? 每天你几点起床？
get about 到处走,消息的传开 Don't forget about the bet. 别忘了打赌的事。
get across 穿过,讲清楚使人了解,领会The children began to get across at each other. 孩子们开始争吵了。 get away 逃掉,离开,摆脱 1. I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就动身离开。
get down 从…下来,写下来,记下来,病了/使某人不安 It's time to get down to business now. 是进入正题的时候啦。
get along with sth 进展得 get along with sb 相处
get in 进去,进站,收进来,收帐 Yeah. Yeah. Let's get in our lines. 是啊 是啊。请排好位置。
get off 离开,下车 You can take the bus and get off at the second stop. 你可以坐公共汽车第二站下。
get on 上车 157. Don't get on my nerves!（不要搅得我心烦。）
get out 拔出,传开 I need to get out more. 我需要多出门去。
get over 克服(困难),从病中恢复过来,不接from Yes, I know, but he'll get over it. 是的 我知道 过一下就会好的。 get around =spread 传开
get through 完成,通过,用完,从人群中通过,接通电话 11. It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。
get to 到达,抓住问题的要害,本质 Excuse me, how can I get to the bus station? 对不起,汽车站怎么走？ get together 聚会,联欢 92. Let's get together one of these days.（找一天聚聚。）
get in a word 策划 get into trouble 陷入 get rid off 摆脱,去掉
give vt.给出,赋予,发生 If you have more, please give me some. 如果你有多的,请给我。
give away 分发,赠送,颁发,背叛,出卖,暴露 give in 屈服
give off 放出(气体,光) 15) Those flowers look pretty but don't give off a nice smell. 这些花看似漂亮,但是气味并不好。
give out 使人筋疲力尽 7) Some restaurants give out an odor that reaches to the street. 一些餐厅里面的气味飘到了街上。 odor 是指比 scent 更浓更清楚的味道。
give up 放弃,停止做某事 455. He resolved to give up smoking． 他决心戒烟。
give over 让位于=give way to被取代 give away to 被取代 give rise to 引起,导致From mutual understanding, a comfortable situation has been creation. 由于彼此的了解,因而建立了愉快的关系。create 除了"创造"以外,还有"give rise to, cause"的意思。
go vi.离开; 移动; 运行 I have to go now. 我必须走了。
go bad 变坏;变酸;腐败 go red 变红 go hungry 挨饿 go wrong 出错;发生故障
go about 随便走/进行 33. Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?请您告诉我怎样去联络律师？
go after 追赶 go ahead 说吧,走吧,做吧(口语),走在前面 Good.now we can go ahead and write up the order. 好极了,现在我们可以准备下单了。 go at 从事于
go beyond 超出 It can go beyond the school system, Ellen. 这可以推广到学校体制以外 Ellen。
go by =pass 经过,过去 76. He let a week go by before answering the letter.他一周以后才回信。
go down 下降 I'll go down to Henry's grocery. He's always open. 我到亨利杂货店去。那里总是开门营业的 go into 进入 Yes, you're right. After all, she is smart enough to go into business.是啊,你说的对。毕竟,她完全有经商才智。 go off 消失,腐败,坏的
go out (火)熄灭,过时了,罢工 Why not go out for a walk? 干吗不出去散步？
go over 复习,检查 to go over to the construction site with me? 去看一看建筑工地吗
go through 审阅/经历了(痛苦,困难),完成 Would you like to go through our factory some time? 什么时候来看看我们的工厂吧？
go up 提高,上涨(价格) I can go up to the lodge for some hot dogs and drinks. 我可以到那边小屋去弄些热狗和饮料来。rise up 起来反抗 He that lies down (sleeps) with dogs must rise up with fleas. 与恶人交终会变恶;近朱者赤,近墨者黑。
go around 分配,传播,传开 OK, let's go around the table. 好 让我们顺著桌子来。
go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事
go back to 追溯到… I'll work for 5 years and then go back to school. 我会工作五年,然后会学校。
go with 相配=match=go along with They had excepted me to go with them. 他们原本希望我和他们一起去。 go well with 协调 Salesgirl: Sure. We have both skirts and trousers that would go well with the sweater. Look to this section.女店员：当然。我们有裙子和长裤都可以配那件毛衣。看看这边。
go too far 太过分了,走太远了
hold vt.怀有,持有(见解等) No, the restaurant will hold our table. 不会 餐厅会保留我们的席位。
hold up 主持,耽搁,延误,继续下去,拿起
hold back 阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒 hold down 控制,镇压=put down
hold off 延误,保持距离,使"疏远"
hold on 坚持下去,停止,别挂(电话) He gave them to me to hold on to them 他给我戒指 要我自己保管
hold out 坚持到胜利,支持,维持,伸出 hold to 坚持某个看法（路线）,紧紧地抓住 OK, hold to the right. 好 在右边停住。
hunt vt.追猎;追赶 vi.打猎 He that will have a hare to breakfast must hunt overnight. 早餐想吃野兔肉,头晚就须去捕捉。 hunt for 寻找 hunt out 找出来 hunt throw 翻找
keep vt.保存,保持;留住 We keep in touch with each other by Email since he left China. 他离开中国以后,我们用Email保持联系。
keep to 坚持某种习惯,遵循,靠(左右) 8. In England traffic must keep to the left.在英国,车辆必须靠左行驶。 keep back 留在后面,阻止,忍住 keep down 控制,下降,缩减开支
keep off 避开,远离,让开 keep out 使其等在外面,不让进入
keep up 保持,维持,鼓足勇气 keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事
keep sth from sb 把某事瞒着某人 keep up with 跟上
knock vi.&vt.&n.敲,击,打 174. Why don't you knock it off? 为什么不把它关掉？
knock into sb 撞到某人身上;偶然遇到 knock sth down 降低价格,拆除,缩减开支
knock off 下班,停工,很快地写出文章 knock sb up 匆匆做饭,敲门把某人叫醒,使某人疲倦
knock at 敲(门) 6.Yhere was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.（有人敲门,那是那天晚上打扰我的第二个。） knock sb up 把某人叫醒
know vt.知道;认识;通晓 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？
know about 了解,知道情况 How much do you know about the works of George Eliot? 乔治•艾略特的作品你知道多少？ know of 听说,知道为什么 be know for sth 以...出名 as known to all 众所周知
lay vt.放,安排,铺设,覆盖 and lay them face down. 将牌盖住。
lay aside 放在…一边,积蓄 lay down 放下,制定计划 lay emphasis on sth 强调
lay down one's life for 为...献出生命 lay out 布置;设计 lay off 解雇
leave v.离开，留下
leave alone 不要管(某人),不要碰(某物)
leave behind 遗留,遗志 leave off (使)停止;中断
leave out 删掉,漏掉 leave over 剩下的,暂时不去解决的
lay in 积蓄,储蓄 36. We have to play inside because it is raining.因为天下雨,我们不得不在屋里玩。
let vt.容许,使得,假设 Rose, let me introduce my friend to you. 罗斯,让我介绍一下我的朋友。
let alone 不要管,不碰,更不用说 let down 放下(窗帘),失望
let off 燃放鞭炮,放掉蒸汽,放过某人 let out 放掉气,发出响声,泄露
look v.看,期待 n.外观,神色 Yes, but you look as pretty now, as you did then. 但你看起来还是那么漂亮。 look after 照料 61. It's very noble of you to look after my old grandmother when I was out for business.你心地真好,在我出差期间照顾我年迈的外婆。
look at 看 May I have a look at the watch? 我能看看这块表吗？ look back 回顾
look in 顺便来访=drop in I don't know. You may look in the TV Guide. 我不知道,你可以看看《电视报》。 look into sth 调查,了解某事,浏览(书报) look on as 把...看作... look out 小心,当心,向外看
look around 到处看 Well ... you mind if I look around 嗯……你们不介意我到处瞧瞧
look over 审阅,翻阅 Yes, so we had better look over your specifications. 是的,所以我们最好先把您的规格说明细看一遍。look through 浏览,仔细地检查 look to 负责,留意 The more women look in their glass,the less they look to their house. 妇女照镜越多,照管家务就越少。
look up (从词典中)找出,天气转变,物价上涨,仰视 to look up 仰视 look up to sb 尊敬某人
look down on sb 轻视某人 look down upon sb 轻视某人
look forward 期待 I look forward to seeing you and Harry and Michelle. 我等著见 Harry和Michelle。
make n.(产品)来源 vt.制造 It's really hard to make a decision. 挺难做决定的。
make for 有助于,向…走过去 make out 辩认出,理解,开(写)支票,假装
make up 构成 I am old enough to make up my own mind. 我已经长大了,可以自己拿主意了。
make up for 补偿 make up of 由...组成 make phone of 嘲笑,和某人开玩笑
make the best of 充分利用 make certain 弄清楚
make up one's mind 决定,下决心 make up one's minds 决心,下决心
make tea 泡茶 801. She intends to make teaching her profession.她想以教书为职业。
make coffee 冲咖啡 make off 逃跑,匆匆离开
open a.开的;开放的 vt.开 Does the shop open at 9 am on weekdays? 这家店平日是早上9点开门吗？
open to the public 向公众开放The town gardens are open to the public from sunrise to the sunset daily.市立公园每天从早到晚对公众开放。
open traffic 通车 open into 门打开后通向 open to 道路通向 The road bridge is now open to traffic.这座公路桥现在开放通行。 open up 开垦 open fire on sb. 向某人开火 open out 打开,转开
pass v.通过 n.经过;通行证 Even if you take the exam again, you won't pass it. 就算再考一次你也通不过。 pass away 消磨(时间) to pass away 去世,死（委婉的说法）
pass by 从某人身边经过,过去 304. Don't let chances pass by． 不要让机遇从我们身边溜走。
pass off 消失,顺利地进行 pass for 冒充,假扮 pass on 传下去
pass through 经历 We don't like them to pass through here. 我们不希望汽车通过这里。
pick n.风镐;牙签 v.凿;摘 ;挑选I pick up my sister from her school. 我到学校接妹妹。
pick out 挑选,认出(某人),领会
pick up 捡起来,中途把某人装上车,恢复健康 I pick up my sister from her school. 我到学校接妹妹。
pull v.拖,拔, 扯 n.牵引 to pull a trailer 拖汽车房屋（电影中经常见到）
pull down 拆掉,推掉,使身体虚弱,使价格降低 pull off 脱衣帽 pull off a plan 实现计划
pull out 拔出,离开,度过难关,恢复健康 to pull out of the garage 从车库开车出来
pull throw 渡过难关,使从病中恢复过来 pull up 车子停下,拔起(树、草)
put v.放;移动;使穿过;写 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？
put away 放下,收起来,把…放在原位 595. He has a nice sum of money put away． 他存了一大笔钱。
put aside 把放在...留出(时间),备用
put back 放在原处,推迟,延期 52. When the others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture.当其他人走了之后,玛丽留下来,将家具放回原处。
put down 镇压,写下来 He put down his glass.他放下杯子。 put forward 提出,提前,提供
put in 提交,申请(+for) All is not gain that is put in the purse. 装进钱包里的不一定都是正当的收入。
put off 推迟,延期,打消,关上 71. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。
put on 穿上,上演 put on a bit of makeup. 我化一点妆。 put through 接通电话
put out 扑灭,关灯,生产,出版 Far water does not put out near fire.远水救不了近火。
put up 张贴,留某人过夜,建造 if we can put up some collateral. 如果我们能提供担保物的话
put into production 把...投入生产 put into use 投入使用 put one's heart into 全心全意投入
run v.(使)跑 n.赛跑;路线 He can run as fast as Jim. 他跑的和吉姆一样快。
run across 穿过(跪道),偶然遇到 run after 追赶 to run after the gentleman 追求绅士
run away 逃走,失去控制 to run away from his sister 从他姐姐那儿逃走（发生了什么事情？）
run down 身体虚弱,电用完了 run into sb 碰到某人
run for 竞选 Why shouldn't you run for what, Mom? 为什么 不该竞选什么 妈妈
run out 用完 Well, I suppose I've run out of excuses. 噢 我想我再也找不出籍口了。
run over 匆匆浏览 run through 穿过,匆匆看一下,做完 Let's just run through the arguments for and against. 我们来看一下赞成和反对的理由。
run a risk of =at the risk of 冒...险 run a fever 发烧 run short of 缺乏
see vt.看见;遇见;看出 Hello. Can I see Mr. Green? 你好,我能见格林先生吗？
see sb off 为某人送行,解雇 see into sth 调查,了解某事
see about 负责处理 5. I'll have to see about that.这事儿我得想一想再定。
see through 看穿某人 see sth through 进行到底 see to get that 务必要
send vt. vi.送,寄发;派遣 To make it fast, you can send a fax. 要想快点的话就发个传真。
send for 派某人去请,去叫某人 send off 发出,寄出
send sb off =see sb. off 为某人送行,解雇 send out 发出,发射 send in 交上去,递送
send on 转交 I can send one for you to try. 我们可以寄个给你试用。
set vi.(日,月)落,vt.放 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我们要上楼收拾一下爷爷的房间。 set about sth 着手做某事 set about doing sth 着手做某事 set out 出发,开始做某事,陈述 24. After several delays, he finally set out at 8 o'clock.几经耽搁,他终于在八点钟出发了。
set apart 分离,流出 set aside 流出,宣布…无效 In that case ,I'll have some set aside for you. 既然这么说,我会为你留一些下来。 set down 放下,写下 set off 出发
set up 建立 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我们要上楼收拾一下爷爷的房间。
set fire to 放火烧 set an example for 为某人树立榜样
start vi.跳起;出发;开始 What time do you start work? 你什么时候开始工作？
start from 从...开始 start with 就此开始 to schedule one hour a week--to start with.安排一星期一个小时。 start in 开始 start after sb. 追赶上某人 start off 动身出发 start out 着手进行
start up 开工,突然站起来 at the very start 一开始
take vt.耗费(时间);需要 I used to take a walk in the early morning. 我过去常一大早出去散步。
take away 拿走,离开 20. I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday.我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。 take back 拿回来 take back one's words 收回(刚讲的话)
take A for B 把A误认为是B take in sth 接受 take in sb 欺骗
take off 起飞,取消 Before gold,even kings take off their hats. 在黄金面前,国王也要脱帽。
take on 呈现,承担 The U.S. will take one route, the Japan take other. 美国和日本采取不同的新路径。
take on sb 雇用 take up 占据(时间,地方),从事于
take pride in =be proud of 引以为豪 take turn 轮流 take in turn 依次
take pains to do 努力做某事 take a chance 碰运气
take a lead 带头 take effect 生效 take charge of 负责 take one's leave 告辞
think v.思考;认为;想起 Yes, I think so. 是的,我认为是。
think about 考虑,关心 What do you think about it? 你对此怎么看？
think of 想起,记得,觉得怎样 What do you think of their skill? 你觉得他们演奏技术如何？
think of as 把...当作... think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出,解决了,想清楚
think back to 回想过去 think well of 高度评价 think highly of 高度评价
throw v.投射;摔倒 n.投掷 to throw a plane 抛（纸）飞机
throw about 到处扔 throw away 扔掉,浪费(金钱),失去(机会)
throw back 扔回来,阻止,进攻 throw down 扔下来,推翻 within a stones throw off 靠...很近
throw in 扔,扔进 throw into 扔,扔进 throw in a word or two 插一两句话
throw off 匆忙地脱掉,摆脱,扔掉 throw off one's airs 放下某人的架子 throw on 匆忙穿上
throw out 赶走 Don't throw out the baby with the bath water. 切勿良莠不分一起抛。
throw light on 提供线索,有助理解某事 throw one's self into 投入 throw cold water 泼冷水
turn v.转向,旋转 n.轮流 Open your books and turn to page 20. 打开书,翻到第20页。
turn back 翻回到+to turn down 拒绝,音量调低
turn up 音量调高,出席 L: You can fill in this lost property report, and I'll keep my eye out for it. Those kinds of things usually turn up eventually, but I suggest you contact your embassy and tell them about your situation, so they can issue you a new passport in ca

高一英语下册重点单词和短语

Unit 13 Healthy eating
本单元重点短语
give advice on 就……提(意见)建议 make suggestions提建议
make a list of 列出一张……单子 have a fever发烧
make up 编(拟定);创设 all the time 一直
be careful with 小心(留神) …… be all right正常;康复
in the future将来 lie down躺下
plenty of大量的 a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力糖
Unit 14 Festivals
本单元重点短语
compare with 与……进行比较 make others happy 使他人幸福快乐
learn about 了解 spend on 在……方面花费
so that 以便 speak for 为……说话
the spirit of ……的精神 commercial activities 商业活动
by giving away 以放弃……的方式 have got to 必须
instead of 替代 get out of the car 下车
get off 下车 take off one's hat 摘下礼帽
look into the eyes 直视（某人的）眼睛 shake hands with sb. 与某人握手
make friends with 与……交朋友 the living and the dead 生者和死者
the cycle of life 生命周期 play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
Unit15 The necklace
本单元重点短语
fall asleep 人睡；睡着 a dark night in April 四月的一个黑夜
a scary place 一个恐怖的地方 create a short play 编一个短剧
on one’s way to school 在某人上学的路上
something unusual happened发生了异常的事
another normal day 又一个普通的日子 walk towards sb. 朝某人走去
don’t look very well看上去气色不好 look older than one’s age看上去比年龄大
ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳 only a small cold room to live in只有寒舍一间
for the past ten years 在过去的十年里 in a government office在一下政府部门
accept an invitation接受邀请 after all 毕竟
a man with a lot of money 有钱人 continue to do sth.继续做某事
cal on访问；拜访 bring out 取出；拿出
a lovely diamond necklace可爱的钻石项链 try it on试戴
look wonderful on sb. 戴在某人身上看上去很美
the last moment of happiness最后的快乐时光
look down 低头看 rush back to the palace 猛地跑回宫殿
without luck不幸运，不凑巧 day and night 日日夜夜
pay off 还清 write a scene写一个场景
precious stone钻石 take up several jobs找几份工作
wear a new ring 戴新戒指 animal products 动物制品
play different roles扮演不同的角色 lines written like a dialogue写得像对话的台词
of one’s own某人自己的 come up with a very good story编成很好的故事
give it a try试一试 take sb. for a ride带某人去兜风
a thousand years from now从现在起一千年 be scared 害怕
do the same with照……做 rehearse a play排练话剧
Unit 16 Scientist at work

本单元重点短语
in one’s opinion 在某人看来 a waste of … （某方面）的浪费
make use of 利用 be famous for … 因……而闻名
all over 遍及 make discoveries 发现
a number of 一些 a great deal of 大量；许多
fasten (tie)… to …把……扎（捆）到……上面 take care 留神；小心
protect… from …保护……免受损害 stop…from doing… 阻止……不……
tear down 拆掉 be in tears 含着泪花
end in 以……告终；结束 such as 如；例如
at least 至少;起码 find out 查清楚；弄明白
go against 与……对抗 be made up of 由……组成.
Unit 17 Famous women

本单元重点短语
in high position 地位很高 the South Pole南极
the North Pole北极 polar bear北极熊
at the opposite end of 在……对面 pull one’s sled 拉雪橇
be about do (do ) 正要（做） be just around the corner 就在附近，即将来临 fall into 掉入 in good health 健康状况良好
stand on one’s left leg 用左腿独立站好 solo travel独自旅行
blow away 吹跑；刮走 knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒
refer to 所指；参考 rise to fame 名声大振
the host of a talk show脱口秀主持人 so far 到目前为止
in history 在历史上 fight for chances 设法寻找机会
best of luck to you 祝你好运 without a strong plan 没有详细的计划always be the very best 总是做到最好share with与……分享

Unit 18 New Zealand
本单元重点短语
lie to 位于…… be made up of 由……组成
be surrounded by 被……环绕 be famous for 因……闻名
such as 例如 take possession of 拥有……
refer to 参考；所指 in relation to 与……有关
be marked with 标有……记号 compare…to…把……比作
stand for 代表 make up 占据空间
plenty of 大量；许多 be native to 原产于……
be careful in （在某方面）仔细 prepare for … 为……作准备
Unit 19 Modern agriculture

本单元重点短语
make a decision做决定 over time 长期以来
bring in 引进 be harmful to对有伤害
be friendly to对友好 as well as 也;还
depend on依靠 be short of缺少;不足
a variety of种种 instead of代替
go against 违背 year after year 一年又一年
next to 隔壁;紧挨 pass on向下传
from generation to generation 一代又一代 at sunset 在太阳落山时
Unit 20 Hurmour
本单元重点短语
tongue twister 绕口令 a couple of 两三个
make fun of 取笑，嘲笑 date back to 回溯至
make use of 利用某事物（某人） be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好
look on…as 把…看作 drive off 把车开走，赶走，击退
act a role of 扮演…的角色 roar with laughter 大笑
act out small sketches 演小品 in the other direction 在另一方向
knock sb. off 把…撞下来 a flow of 连续不断的某事物
have sth. in common with 与…有相同之处 play with 玩…
even if 即使，纵然 act as 扮演 act out 演出来
Unit 21 Body language

本单元重点短语
get through 通过，接通 tear down 拆毁
ask for 向……要 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做…… thanks for 感谢…… feel down闷闷不乐
express one’s thoughts and opinions 表达某人的思想和意见
communicate with与……交际 learn about 打听…… spoken language 口语 make a circle 成一圈
from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化 index finger 食指
shake one’s head 摇头 be used to do 被用来做……

1. up
1) 向上（toward or into a higher position）
lift ~ 举起 climb ~ 爬上 come ~ 上升 get ~ 起来 stand ~ 站起来 pick ~ 检起 draw ~ 升起
grow ~ 长大 hand ~ 拖起 put ~ 举起 send ~ 使上升 rise ~ 升起 look ~ 抬起头 zip ~ 拉上
hold ~ 举起 pile ~ 堆起 dig ~ 挖出 take ~ 拿起 build ~ 树立 set ~ 建立

2) 完成，结束(expressing completeness and finality)
finish ~ 完成 drink ~ 喝干 eat ~ 吃光 burn ~ 烧光 wash ~ 洗净 use ~ 用光 fill ~ 装满
pay ~ 付清 settle ~ 解决 lick ~ 甜净 sum ~ 总结， open ~ 透露 end ~ 结束 let ~ 中止, 减少
draw ~ 停止 close ~ 停止，关闭 swallow ~ 吞没 beat ~ 痛打 cover ~ 掩盖 break ~ 结束，分解
wind ~ 结束

3) 离开，消灭(expressing separation and destroy)
break ~ 拆开，驱散cut ~ 切碎 split ~ 分裂 divide ~ 分割 smash ~ 捣毁 blow ~ 炸毁 wither ~ 枯死
tear ~ 撕碎 give ~ 放弃 fold ~ 垮台 dry ~ 枯竭，干涸crack ~ 撞坏 clutter ~ 使散乱 litter ~ 乱丢杂物

4) 增加，变强(to a state of greater activity, force, strength, power and degree.
(1). mount ~ 增加pick ~ 振作，加快pluck ~ 振作 turn ~ 开打，开大, 出现 shake ~ 震惊 steam ~ 使发怒
stir ~ 激起，搅起ease ~ 放松 warm ~ 兴奋 speak ~ 大声说 heat ~ 变热 total ~ 加总 tense ~ 紧张
gather ~ 收集 speed ~ 加速 screw ~ 振作 build ~ 增大 show ~ 显现 cheer ~ 振作起来stir ~ 刺激
work ~ 激动，刺激
(2). 用在带"-en"后缀的动词后（used after the verbs with suffix of -en）
brighten ~ 发亮 fatten ~ 发胖 freshen ~使新鲜 harden ~变硬 sharpen ~ 变快 smarten ~ 变精明
strengthen ~ 加强sweeten ~ 变甜 tighten ~ 使紧密 toughen ~ 使强壮soften ~ 变软

5). 变好，改善( as to be better and proper)bring ~ 抚育 check ~ 核对 clear ~ 清理，晴天clean ~ 整理
do ~ 整理 patch ~ 修理 polish ~ 擦亮, 改进light ~ 点亮 tune ~ 调整 tidy ~ 整理 rub ~ 擦亮
train ~ 训练，培养 make ~ 化装, 和解, 弥补buy ~ 囤积 figure ~ 计算 fix ~ 修理,整理 take ~ 从事

6) 关住，锁紧，固定住(firmly, tightly and closely)
shut ~ 关闭 lock ~ 锁住 tie ~ 栓住 chain ~ 锁住 nail ~ 钉住 fasten ~ 系住 pin ~ 钉住 bind ~ 装订
bar ~ 关住 block ~ 堵塞 choke ~ 堵塞 save ~ 存起来 store ~ 贮藏 stock ~ 储存 cover ~ 掩盖 wrap ~ 包住
lay ~ 储存 hold ~ 延误 keep ~ 坚持

7) 向说话人的方向（to the place where the speaker is）
go ~ run ~ rush ~ drive ~ walk ~ catch ~ swim ~ march ~ come ~

2. down
1) 向下的位置（to or into a lower position）
cast ~ 扔下 cut ~砍倒 get ~ 下来 hand ~ 传下来 knock ~ 撞倒 lay ~ 放下 let ~ 放下 pour ~ 倾盆而下
pull ~ 拉下 set ~ 放下 sit ~ 坐下 step ~ 走下来 throw ~ 扔下 turn ~ 拆下 take ~ 取下 blow ~ 吹倒
bring ~ 打倒 hang ~ 垂下 sink ~ 沉落 slip ~ 失足 squat ~ 蹲下 swallow ~ 吞下 stoop ~ 伏身
splash ~ 飞溅而下 touch ~ 降落 bend ~ 弯下 bow ~ 鞠躬 kneel ~ 跪下 lie ~ 躺下 strip ~ 脱下

2) 减少（强度，量和体积）(a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk)
dwindle ~ 减少 die ~ 变弱，逐渐停止go ~ 平静下来 mark ~ 削减 hold ~ 压低 burn ~ (火)减弱, 烧坏
slow ~ 慢下来 burn ~ 烧掉 wash ~ 冲淡 clean ~ 弄干净 rub ~ 擦干净 bring ~ 降低 keep ~ 缩减
trim ~ 裁减 water ~ 冲淡 thin ~ 减少 run ~ 用光衰弱 wear ~ 削减，磨损come ~ 下跌 knock ~ 降价

3) 停止，减弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power)
close ~ 关闭 drop ~ 突然停止 break ~ 坏了，中止run ~ 停止 settle ~ 平静下来 cool ~ 冷静下来
turn ~ 拒绝 die ~ 停止 lay ~ 失望 put ~ 镇压 4) 紧紧地，牢牢地(firmly, tightly) fasten ~ 系牢
chain ~ 链住，栓住clamp ~ 夹住 nail ~ 钉住 pin ~ 扣牢 hammer ~ 钉上 tie ~ 栓住 bind ~ 捆绑
draw ~ 停下来 5) 写下，记下(on paper or in writing) write ~ 写下 copy ~ 抄下 note ~ 记下
take ~ 记下 put ~ 记下 get ~ 记下 have ~ 写下

3 on 1) 继续(continuously)
carry ~ drive ~ fight ~ hold ~ keep ~ live ~ sleep ~ sing ~ walk ~ go ~ hurry ~ move ~
read ~ follow ~ struggle ~ insist ~ 坚持

2) 连上，固定住，(in or into a state of being connected)
act ~ 对…起作用catch ~ 抓牢 come ~ 跟随 count ~ 依赖 draw ~ 带上，穿上fasten ~ 纠缠，抓牢
fit ~ 固定 get ~ 接近 paste ~ 粘住 turn ~ 打开 switch ~ 打开 pin ~ 钉住 put ~ 穿上 try ~ 试穿
pull ~ 穿上 hang ~ 不挂断 build ~ 建立于 leave ~ 留住 take ~ 穿下 rely ~ 依靠 depend ~ 依靠

3) 向前，向上(forward, onward)
add ~ 加上 mark ~ 标上 paint ~ 漆上 press ~ 向前 pass ~ 传递 send ~ 转送 stamp ~ 盖章于
get ~ 上车 hand ~ 传送

4) 开始某活动(in or into an active operation)
work ~ 从事 fall ~ 攻击 hit ~ 突然向起 bring ~ 引起 get ~ 取得进展 look ~ 旁观, 观看call ~ 拜访
figure ~ 打算,希望 fix ~ 决心 get ~ 进步, 友好相处pick ~ 批评 plan ~ 打算 decide ~ 决定
reflect ~ 思考, 反思remark ~ 评论，议论settle ~ 决定 spur ~ 鼓励 urge ~ 督促

4. off

1) 离开(indicating departure)blow ~ 吹掉 drive ~ 击退 get ~ 下车，动身lift ~ 离开地面 make ~ 逃走
move ~ 离去 pack ~ 打发走 see ~ 送行 ship ~ 运往 start ~ 动身 send ~ 送行，解雇call ~ 叫走
let ~ 放出 take ~ 起飞 touch ~ 发射 give ~ 发出 clear ~ 走开 carry ~ 夺走
2) 去掉，断开(indicating removal or disconnection)
cut ~ 切断 tear ~ 扯掉 take ~ 拿走 chip ~ 切下 come ~ 脱落 cross ~ 除去 drop ~ 跌落 fall ~ 脱落
flick ~ 弹掉 peel ~ 剥掉 pull ~ 撕开 rub ~ 擦掉 scrape ~ 挂去 shave ~ 剃去 wash ~ 洗掉
shake ~ 抖落 throw ~ 扔开 rip ~ 扯开 turn ~ 关掉 strip ~ 脱去 switch ~ 关掉 take ~ 脱掉
shut ~ 关掉 wear ~ 磨损 go ~ 爆炸 break ~ 中断
3) 完成，停止(indicating completion)
finish ~ 结束 pay ~ 付清 break ~ 停止，中断send ~ 结束 leave ~ 停止 pass ~ 终止，停止
sign ~ 停止播音 wear ~ 消失， write ~ 注销，购销bring ~ 完成 call ~ 取消 lay ~ 停止, 解雇
4) 着地(down to the ground)
fall ~ 落下 jump ~ 跳下 knock ~ 击倒 slip ~ 滑倒

5. in
1) 进入，向里(into, inside, indoors)
barge ~ 闯入 beat ~ 打进 break ~ 闯入,插嘴breathe ~ 吸入 burst ~ 闯入，打断drop ~ 偶然拜访
fall ~ 跌入 get ~ 插入，收进 knock ~ 打入 lead ~ 导入 let ~ 进入，嵌入 move ~ 迁入 step ~ 走进
settle ~ 迁入 smuggle ~ 偷偷运进cut ~ 插嘴 call ~ 来访 draw ~ （火车）进站intervene ~ 介入
involve ~ 卷入
2) 包围，关闭(to be surrounded, or enclosed)
close ~ 包围，封闭lock ~ 禁闭 shut ~ 关进 wall ~ 围住
3) 加入，记入(to be added, or included)
book ~ 登记 check ~ 签到 count ~ 记入 fill ~ 填入 hand ~ 交上 take ~ 吸收 send ~ 呈交

6. out
1) 向外（away from the inside, outside）
keep ~ 使在外 take ~ 拿出 put ~ 放出，伸出come ~ 长出， bring ~拿出 bar ~关在外 breathe ~ 呼吸出
eat ~ 出去吃 get ~ 弄出 go ~ 出去 lay ~ 摆开，展示lock ~ 关在外面 look ~ 向外看 move ~ 搬出
point ~指出 pour ~ 诉说 pull ~ 拉出 ship ~ 运出 stick ~伸出 spit ~ 吐出 beat ~ 敲出 knock ~ 敲出
dine ~ 外出吃饭 drive ~ 驾车外出 leak ~ 漏出 draw ~ 拉出 see ~ 送出门去 draw ~ 出站 let ~ 放出, 释放

2) 结束，消失，取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist)
burn ~ 烧尽，烧断clear ~ 清除 dust ~ 清除 fade ~ 消失 put ~ 扑灭 run ~ 用完 use ~ 耗尽
give ~ 耗尽 comb ~ 淘汰 kick ~ 逐出 wipe ~ 消灭 die ~ 灭绝 rub ~ 擦掉 blot ~ 除去
blow ~ 吹熄 bleach ~ 漂白 carry ~ 完成，执行leave ~ 省去 see ~ 完成 go ~ 熄灭
come ~ 罢工，结果cut ~ 删去，停止hold ~ 坚持到底 sell ~ 买完 tire ~ 筋疲力尽 wear ~ 磨损

3) 大声（in a loud voice, aloud）
sing ~ cry ~ shout ~ call ~ ，喊，申斥 spell ~ speak ~ scream ~ read ~ yell ~ sob ~ burst ~ 咆哮
4) 分发，传开(to a number of people or in all directions)
give ~ 分发 spread ~ 传开 set ~ 出发 hand ~ 分发 share ~ 分配 divide ~ 分配 call ~ 出动
start ~ 出发 send ~ 发送 break ~ 爆发，逃脱serve ~ 分发口粮 drop ~ 离开,退出
5) 搞清，弄明白(in or into notice and clearness)
find ~ 找出 figure ~ 算出，解决make ~ 弄清 count ~ 点清 come ~ 出版，出现catch ~ 看出 carry ~ 完成，
bear ~ 证明 bring ~ 发表，说出fill ~ 使完全, 添满write ~ 写出

7. over
1) 向下(downwards from an upright position)
knock ~ 撞倒 turn ~ 翻转 fall ~ 脸朝下跌倒trip ~ 拌倒 bend ~ 伏身 look ~ 从…上面看
2) 自始至终，通过, 重复(from beginning to end, through, again and again)
look ~ 调查 think ~ 考虑 see ~ 查看 run ~ 匆匆看 talk ~ 商量 call ~ 点名 read ~ 读一遍
go ~ 复习 do ~ 重复 glance ~ 浏览 skip ~ 略过 ponder ~ 思考
3) 向上，向外，(indicating motion upwards or outwards)
run ~ 溢出 spill ~ 溢出 boil ~ 因沸溢出 throw ~ 呕吐

1.to get on : (to enter, board)
【说明：】to get on(搭乘，上车)
动词get的用法很多，常常在后面接用各种不同的介系词或副词而形成意义不同的习语。这里的on是介系词，后面的bus和subway用作它的受词。如果on作副词用，则有进步，相处甚好，与年事已长的意思。
【例：】(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street.我总是在34街搭乘公共汽车。
(2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning.
威廉每天早晨在同一车站搭乘地下火车。
2.to get off : (to leave, descend from)
【说明：】to get off (下车)与上面的get on相反。Get off也有好些其它的意义，如寄出，离开等。下车也可以用alight from或get out of a carriage或motor car, 不过下电车或公共汽车多用get off .
【例：】(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.海伦在42街下公共汽车。
(2) At what station do you usually get off the subway?你通常在那一站下地下火车？
3.to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes)
【说明：】to put on
(穿，戴)特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个成语。英文中还有wear和dress二字也是穿的意思。可是wear是继续的动作，表示穿着的状态，而put on是一时的动作。下面两个句子都是错的：I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (应用put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day （应用wear）.dress的意思是
①put clothes on后面的受词一定是人，如dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white,
②put on clothes, vk Get up and dress quickly. （快点起来穿好衣服。）
(1) Mary put on her hat and left the room.玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋子。
(2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat?

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实用英语短语100条

1. Off 关

2、 On 打开 ( 放)

3、 Open 营业

4、 Pause 暂停

5、 Stop 关闭

6、 Closed 下班

7、 Menu 菜单

8、 Fragile 易碎

9、 This Side Up 此面向上

10、Introductions 说明

11、Business Hours 营业时间

12、Office Hours 办公时间

13、Entrance 入口

14、Exit 出口

15、Push 推

16、Pull 拉

17、Shut 此路不通

18、One Street 单行道

19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右

20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过

21、Wet Paint 油漆未干

22、Danger 危险

23、Lost and Found 失物招领处

24、Give Way 快车先行

25、Safety First 安全第一

26、Filling Station 加油站

27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟

28、No Photos 请勿拍照

29、No Visitors 游人止步

30、No Entry 禁止入内

31、No Admittance 闲人免进

32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭

33、Parking 停车处

34、Toll Free 免费通行

35、F.F. 快进

36、Rew. 倒带

37、EMS (邮政)特快专递

38、Insert Here 此处插入

39、Open Here 此处开启

40、Split Here 此处撕开

41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理

42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影

43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车

44、No U-Turn 禁止掉头

45、U-Turn Ok 可以U形转弯

46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车

47、SOS 紧急求救信号

48、Hands Wanted 招聘

49、Staff Only 本处职工专用

50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物

51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸

52、Keep Silence 保持安静

53、On Sale 削价出售

54、No Bills 不准张贴

55、Not for Sale 恕不出售

56、Pub 酒馆

57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆

58、Bar 酒巴

59、Laundry 洗衣店

60、Travel Agency 旅行社

61、In Shade 置于阴凉处

62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存

63、Poison 有毒/毒品

64、Guard against Damp 防潮

65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手

66、Complaint Box 意见箱

67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用

68、Bakery 面包店

69 Seat by Number 对号入座

70、Information 问讯处

71、No Passing 禁止通行

72、No Angling 不准垂钓

73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎

74、Keep Dry 保持干燥

75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物

76、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所

77、 Women“s/Ladies/Ladies“ Room女厕所

78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土

79、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处

80、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记

81、Occupied （厕所）有人

82、Vacant （厕所）无人

83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便

84、Net(Weight) 净重

85、Admission Free免费入场

86、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处

87、 MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日

88、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日

89、 Handle with Care 小心轻放

90、Save Food 节约粮食

91、Save Energy 节约能源

92、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先

93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内

94、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行

95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶

96、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火

97、Luggage Depository 行李存放处

98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西

99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上

100、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立

谁能帮我详细解说一下高一英语中的定语从句，这部分不懂~

定语从句定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.（一） 限定性定语从句
一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]
2而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
二、关系副词（在句中作状语）
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。
2. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
（二）非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物.；
[编辑本段]（三）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，基本上可以通用。唯一区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以。）
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人.
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
[编辑本段]（四）注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(3) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
= We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T＝正确)
F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
(2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
关系代词
关系代词（一般情况下）that 可用who ,whom 和which在从句做主语，谓动词的宾语，但是不能做介词的宾语
which指物，在从句中作主语，谓语或宾语；
who在从句中作主语；
whom在从句中宾语；
where在从句中修饰表地点的名词，做地点状语；
when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词，做时间状语；
why在从句中做原因状语，先行词通常是"reason"
有时why也可用for+which代替。
例：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
______ _ _____ _____________________
主语 谓语 先行词 从句
|________________________|
定语从句修饰先行词
（五）关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
[编辑本段]（六）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，is后应跟表语，只有the one可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
[编辑本段]（七）介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
（八）先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。
[编辑本段]（九）as,which引导的非限制性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.
2. 动词短语先行成分
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。
3. 句子作先行成分
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：
1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。
3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能
一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。
1. 表示结果
表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。
2. 表示评注
表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。
3. 有无状语意义
“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。
四、关系代词as与which的句法功能
1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。
as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如：
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主语被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。
2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。
3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如：
I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
（十）关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g) 为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way时
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

高一英语下册重点单词和短语

Unit 13 Healthy eating
本单元重点短语
give advice on 就……提(意见)建议 make suggestions提建议
make a list of 列出一张……单子 have a fever发烧
make up 编(拟定);创设 all the time 一直
be careful with 小心(留神) …… be all right正常;康复
in the future将来 lie down躺下
plenty of大量的 a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力糖
Unit 14 Festivals
本单元重点短语
compare with 与……进行比较 make others happy 使他人幸福快乐
learn about 了解 spend on 在……方面花费
so that 以便 speak for 为……说话
the spirit of ……的精神 commercial activities 商业活动
by giving away 以放弃……的方式 have got to 必须
instead of 替代 get out of the car 下车
get off 下车 take off one's hat 摘下礼帽
look into the eyes 直视（某人的）眼睛 shake hands with sb. 与某人握手
make friends with 与……交朋友 the living and the dead 生者和死者
the cycle of life 生命周期 play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
Unit15 The necklace
本单元重点短语
fall asleep 人睡；睡着 a dark night in April 四月的一个黑夜
a scary place 一个恐怖的地方 create a short play 编一个短剧
on one’s way to school 在某人上学的路上
something unusual happened发生了异常的事
another normal day 又一个普通的日子 walk towards sb. 朝某人走去
don’t look very well看上去气色不好 look older than one’s age看上去比年龄大
ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳 only a small cold room to live in只有寒舍一间
for the past ten years 在过去的十年里 in a government office在一下政府部门
accept an invitation接受邀请 after all 毕竟
a man with a lot of money 有钱人 continue to do sth.继续做某事
cal on访问；拜访 bring out 取出；拿出
a lovely diamond necklace可爱的钻石项链 try it on试戴
look wonderful on sb. 戴在某人身上看上去很美
the last moment of happiness最后的快乐时光
look down 低头看 rush back to the palace 猛地跑回宫殿
without luck不幸运，不凑巧 day and night 日日夜夜
pay off 还清 write a scene写一个场景
precious stone钻石 take up several jobs找几份工作
wear a new ring 戴新戒指 animal products 动物制品
play different roles扮演不同的角色 lines written like a dialogue写得像对话的台词
of one’s own某人自己的 come up with a very good story编成很好的故事
give it a try试一试 take sb. for a ride带某人去兜风
a thousand years from now从现在起一千年 be scared 害怕
do the same with照……做 rehearse a play排练话剧
Unit 16 Scientist at work

本单元重点短语
in one’s opinion 在某人看来 a waste of … （某方面）的浪费
make use of 利用 be famous for … 因……而闻名
all over 遍及 make discoveries 发现
a number of 一些 a great deal of 大量；许多
fasten (tie)… to …把……扎（捆）到……上面 take care 留神；小心
protect… from …保护……免受损害 stop…from doing… 阻止……不……
tear down 拆掉 be in tears 含着泪花
end in 以……告终；结束 such as 如；例如
at least 至少;起码 find out 查清楚；弄明白
go against 与……对抗 be made up of 由……组成.
Unit 17 Famous women

本单元重点短语
in high position 地位很高 the South Pole南极
the North Pole北极 polar bear北极熊
at the opposite end of 在……对面 pull one’s sled 拉雪橇
be about do (do ) 正要（做） be just around the corner 就在附近，即将来临 fall into 掉入 in good health 健康状况良好
stand on one’s left leg 用左腿独立站好 solo travel独自旅行
blow away 吹跑；刮走 knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒
refer to 所指；参考 rise to fame 名声大振
the host of a talk show脱口秀主持人 so far 到目前为止
in history 在历史上 fight for chances 设法寻找机会
best of luck to you 祝你好运 without a strong plan 没有详细的计划always be the very best 总是做到最好share with与……分享

Unit 18 New Zealand
本单元重点短语
lie to 位于…… be made up of 由……组成
be surrounded by 被……环绕 be famous for 因……闻名
such as 例如 take possession of 拥有……
refer to 参考；所指 in relation to 与……有关
be marked with 标有……记号 compare…to…把……比作
stand for 代表 make up 占据空间
plenty of 大量；许多 be native to 原产于……
be careful in （在某方面）仔细 prepare for … 为……作准备
Unit 19 Modern agriculture

本单元重点短语
make a decision做决定 over time 长期以来
bring in 引进 be harmful to对有伤害
be friendly to对友好 as well as 也;还
depend on依靠 be short of缺少;不足
a variety of种种 instead of代替
go against 违背 year after year 一年又一年
next to 隔壁;紧挨 pass on向下传
from generation to generation 一代又一代 at sunset 在太阳落山时
Unit 20 Hurmour
本单元重点短语
tongue twister 绕口令 a couple of 两三个
make fun of 取笑，嘲笑 date back to 回溯至
make use of 利用某事物（某人） be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好
look on…as 把…看作 drive off 把车开走，赶走，击退
act a role of 扮演…的角色 roar with laughter 大笑
act out small sketches 演小品 in the other direction 在另一方向
knock sb. off 把…撞下来 a flow of 连续不断的某事物
have sth. in common with 与…有相同之处 play with 玩…
even if 即使，纵然 act as 扮演 act out 演出来
Unit 21 Body language

本单元重点短语
get through 通过，接通 tear down 拆毁
ask for 向……要 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做…… thanks for 感谢…… feel down闷闷不乐
express one’s thoughts and opinions 表达某人的思想和意见
communicate with与……交际 learn about 打听…… spoken language 口语 make a circle 成一圈
from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化 index finger 食指
shake one’s head 摇头 be used to do 被用来做……

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