英语每一种的时态的结构 英语八大时态的所有结构

作者&投稿:油杜 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
在英语学习中,常见的有一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时和一般过去将来时等时态,是我们在学习过程中必须掌握的。掌握好这几种时态,对于学习英语的同学是大有益处的,在变换句式时经常要运用。现我把学习过程中经常遇见的13种时态整理如下,供学习参考:
一、一般现在时(The Indefinite Present Tense).
一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作、特征或状态。常见的一般现在时主要有以下三种句式:
1.肯定句式。一般现在时肯定句式主要由动词原形表示,第三人称单数的谓语动词后要加词尾-s或-es。动词be根据主语不同的人称有不同的形式,第一人称单数中动词be用am,第一人称复数、第二人称单数和复数以及第三人称复数中动词be用are的形式,第三人称单数中动词be用is,动词have在主语是第三人称单数中变为has,其余情况均用原形have。如:
She is a worker.
They are worker.
He has a bike.
We have a bike.
I am the king of the world.
2.疑问句式。一般现在时变为疑问句时,一般在句首加助动词do或does的方式构成,第三人称单数时用does,其余情况都用do,主要动词一概不变,用原形;在以have或has为主要动词的句子中,可以直接将动词have或has提前放于句首,也可以在句首加动词do或does构成,have或has一律用原形have。如:
Do you work?
Does he work?
Has she a cake?
Does she have a cake?
其简略回答形式用“Yes+主语+动词”或“No+主语+动词+not”。如:
Yes, I do.
No, he does not.
Yes, she has
No, she has not.
3.否定句式。一般现在时的否定句式在动词前加do/does not的形式构成。如:
She does not work.
They do not have a cake.
此外,一般现在时的主要动词在第三人称单数时,要在词尾加-s或-es。其规则如下:以ch sh x s 或o结尾的动词加-es,以y结尾的动词要先把y改写成i后,再加-es;其余情况一般直接加-s即可。
二、现在进行时(The PresentContinuous Tense).
现在进行时一般用在表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,或即将发生的动作,多指按计划或安排要进行的动作和表示反复出现的习惯性动作(如always总是、 continuously不断地等词)。现在进行时一般可以从句中找到时间标志词,如now, these days at the moment等词语,就必须用现在进行时态来表示。其构成形式为主语+be+现在分词+其他。现在进行时态的三种句式简要介绍如下:
1.肯定句式。现在进行时的肯定句式一般由“be+现在分词”构成。同样,be在不同的人称形式下,有不同的表现形式。在主语是第一人称单数中动词be用am,第一人称复数、第二人称单数和复数以及第三人称复数中动词be用are的形式,第三人称单数中动词be用is,如:
They are working on the farm now.
I’m leaving for BeiJing tomorrow.
2.否定句式。现在进行时的否定句式一般由“be+not+现在分词”构成。动词be的用法与在肯定句式情况下是相似的。如:
He is not looking.
3.疑问句式。现在进行时的疑问句式一般把动词be放于句首构成:“be+主语+现在分词+其他?”,动词be在不同人称形式下的用法与在肯定句式情况下是相似。如:
Is he always saying that?
回答时可以用“Yes+主语+动词”或“No+主语+动词+not”。如:
Yes, she is.
No, she is not.
同样,动词的现在分词的构成也是有规律的,一般情况在词尾直接加-ing来表示;在以不发音的e结尾的词,要先把e去掉,再加上-ing,如write的现在分词是writing;在以重读闭音节结尾只有一个辅音字母时,应先双写此辅音字母,再加-ing,如begin的现在分词是beginning。
三、一般将来时(The Future indefinite tense).
一般将来时多用于口语中,常表示要去做的事或可能要发生的事。一般将来时由be going to +动词不定式构成。其用法简单列举如下:
1.肯定句式。一般将来时的肯定句式由“be going to +动词不定式”构成。be在不同的人称形式下,其形式也是不同的:主语是第一人称单数用am、第二人称单数用are,第三人称单数用is,其余情况下均用are。如:
We are going to visit guiyang.
2.否定句式。一般将来时的否定句式由“be not going to +动词不定式”构成。be在不同的人称形式下,变化与在肯定句式下相似。如:
We are not going to stay with him.
3.疑问句式。一般将来时的疑问句式把be放于句首:“be+主语+ going to+其他?”构成,be在不同的人称形式下,变化与在肯定句式下相似。如:
Is he going to talk with her teacher?
其回答形式为“Yes+主语+动词”或“No+主语+动词+not”。如:
Yes, he is.
No, he is not.
此外,动词不定式是无规则可循的,需要在学习中多积累才能正确牢记和运用。
四、一般过去时(The past Indefinite tense).
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。一般过去时用动词过去式表示。动词过去式按其构成形式有规则和不规则变化两种情况。规则动词的过去式一般直接在词尾加-ed,即:动词原形+ ed;无规则变化的需要边学边记。其用法简单列举如下:
1.肯定句式。一般过去时的肯定句式由“主语+动词过去式+其他”构成。Be作为主要动词应用时,在主语是第一人称单数和第三人称单数的情况下,用过去式was;其余人称情况下,用过去式were。如:
She worked here .
She was here .
2.否定句式。一般过去时的否定句式由:“主语+动词过去式+ not+其他”构成。be在不同的人称形式下,变化与在肯定句式下相似。如:
I did not work here .
We were not here.
3.疑问句式。一般过去时的疑问句式把动词be放在句首或在句首加助动词did构成。be在不同的人称形式下,变化与在肯定句式下相似。如:
Did you work here?
Was he here?
其简略回答形式用“Yes+主语+动词”或“No+主语+动词+not”。如:
Yes, I did .
No, I did not.
五、过去进行时(The past Continuous tense).
过去进行时态表示的是过去某个时间正在进行或发生的动作。其构成形式为:“主语+was/were+现在分词”构成。一般情况下,过去进行时态有一些提示性词语,如at this time yesterday , at that time,或由when引导的时间状语从句。过去进行时态用法简单列举如下:
1.肯定句式。过去进行时态的肯定句式一般体现为:“主语+was/were+现在分词+其他”构成。其中凡是在主语是单数人称情况下一律用was,复数人称情况下用were。如:
I was working.
We were working.
2. 否定句式。过去进行时态的否定句式构成形式为“主语+was/were+ not+现在分词+其他”构成。was/were的用法与肯定句式的用法相似。如:
I was not working.
We were not working.
3.疑问句式。过去进行时态的疑问句式只需把was/were提前放在句首即可。其构成形式为“was/were+主语+ not+现在分词+其他?”构成。如;
Was she working?
Were they working?
其简略回答形式用“Yes+主语+动词”或“No+主语+动词+not”。如:
Yes, she was .
No, she was not.
其中,过去进行时态的现在分词构成规则与现在进行时态的过去分词是相同的。
六、现在完成时(The Present Perfect tense).
现在完成时表示一个过去发生而对现在情况有影响的动作和从过去某时继续到现在的动作或状态。其构成形式为“主语+have(has)+过去分词+其他”。现在完成时用法简单列举如下:
1. 肯定句式。现在完成时的肯定句式一般表现为“主语+ have(has)+过去分词+其他”。have(has)的用法为,在主语是第三人称单数的情况下,用has;其余情况用have。如:
He has been to Japan before.
We have written it.
2. 否定句式。现在完成时的否定句式由“主语+ have(has)+ not+过去分词+其他”构成。其中have(has)的用法与肯定句式下的用法相似。如:
They have not written it.
He has not written it.
3.疑问句式。现在完成时的疑问句式只需把助动词have(has)提前放在句首即可。句式为“Have(has)+主语+过去分词+其他?”构成。其中have(has)的用法与肯定句式下的用法相似。如:
Has she written it?
Have you written it?
其简略回答形式用“Yes+主语+动词”或“No+主语+动词+not”。如:
Yes, she has .
No, she has not.
此外,现在完成时的过去分词与它的过式相同,不规则的动词的过去分词需要在日常学习中边学边记。值得强调的是,现在完成时与过去式是有既区别又有联系的。一般情况下,当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语,用already, yet, just as yet, ever, never等这类副词作状语,或一件已经发生的事,不考虑它是什么时候发生的,而主要考虑对现在的影响时,多用现在完成时。
七、一般过去将来时(The Simple past future tense).
一般过去将来时往往表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态和过去习惯性的动作,说明在什么情况下往往如此。一般过去将来时句式由should或would+动词原形构成。总体来说,一般过去将来时主要有以下两种用法:
1.在表示过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成形式为“should或would+动词原形”。一般情况下should或would的用法是在主语是第一人称的句式下,常用should;其他人称的情况下常用would。如:
My teacher said there would be an English exam tomorrow.
2. 一般过去将来时在表示习惯性的动作时,其句式为“should或would+动词原形+其他”构成。无论在什么人称情况下,都用would而不用should。如:
Every evening he would talk with his neighbour.
八、过去完成时(The past perfect tense).
过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是过去的过去,只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用得到它。即过去某时前已发生的动作或存在的情况。过去完成时一般由“had+过去分词”构成。过去完成时在英语学习中应用相对较少,一般不常用。其句型略举如下:
My mother had gone to work when I got up.
九、现在完成进行时(The present perfect Continuous tense).
现在完成进行时一般表示动作从过去某一时间可是一直延续到现在,现在这个动作可能刚刚终止,也可能仍然在进行着。现在完成进行时用法简单列举如下:
1. 肯定句式。现在完成进行时的肯定句式由“主语+have(has) been +现在分词+其他”构成。其中,主语是第三人称单数时用has;其余情况一律用have。如:
She has been working.
We haven been working.
2. 否定句式。现在完成进行时的否定句式由“主语+have(has)+ not +been +现在分词+其他”构成。其中have(has)的用法与肯定句式下的用法相似。如:
She has no been working.
We haven not been working.
3.疑问句式。现在完成进行时的疑问句式只需把助动词have(has)提前放在句首即可。句式为“Have(has)+主语+ been +现在分词+其他?”构成。其中have(has)的用法与肯定句式下的用法相似。如:
Have you been working ?
Has he been working ?
其简略回答形式用“Yes+主语+动词”或“No+主语+动词+not”。如:
Yes, he has .
No, he has not.
此外,有些不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词,如like, love, know, seen, hear等,这类动词只能用在现在完成时的情况下。
十、将来进行时(The future continuous tense).
将来进行时一般表示某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,或即将或按计划将要发生的动作。将来进行时一般用法简单列举如下:
1. 肯定句式。将来进行时的肯定句式由“主语+shall(will) be +现在分词+其他”构成。其中shall一般常用在主语是第一人称的句子中;will用在第二人称和第三人称的句子中。如:
We shall be doing .
She will be doing.
2. 否定句式。将来进行时的否定句式由“主语+ shall(will)+ not+ be +现在分词+其他”构成。shall(will) 的用法与肯定句式下的用法相似。如:
I shall not be doing.
You will not be doing.
You can take our lives, but you’ll never take.
3.疑问句式。将来进行时的疑问句式只需把shall(will)放在主语前,也可以加上疑问代词构成。其中shall(will)的用法与肯定句式下的用法相似。如:
What will you be doing at eight tomorrw morning?
值得注意的是,在回答将来进行时的疑问句时,必须根据句子的实际问题作出稍微详细的回答。
十一、将来完成时(The future perfect tense).
将来完成时主要表示将来某个时间会发生的事情。将来完成时一般由“主语+ shall(will)+ have+过去分词+其他”构成。在主语是第三人称时用will;而其余情况用shall。如:
I shall have finished this paper by supper.
They will have arrived home by now.
十二、将来完成进行时(The future perfect continuous tense).
将来完成进行时表示将来某时前一直进行的动作。将来完成进行时的主要句型由“主语+ shall(will)+ have+ been+现在分词+其他”构成。其中shall(will)的用法是:在主语为第三人称时用will,其余情况用shall。如:
In another month’s time, he will have been studying here for two years.
十三、过去将来时(The past future tense).
过去将来时包括一般过去将来时、过去将来进行时、过去将来完成时、过去将来完成时和过去将来完成进行时。简要介绍如下:
1. 一般过去将来时(The past future in definite tense).
一般过去将来时主要表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情。其句型构成由“should/would+动词原形”构成。在主语是第一人称时用should;其他情况下用would。如:
I thought you would agree with me.
2. 过去将来进行时(The past future Continuous tense).
过去将来进行时主要表示从过去某时看将来某时正在进行的动作或预计要发生的动作。由“should/would+be+动词现在分词”构成。如:
I thought you would be sleeping.
3. 过去将来完成时(The past future perfect tense).
过去将来完成时主要表示从过去某时看将来某时会业已完成的动作。由“should/would+ have +动词过去分词”构成。如:
I thought she would have told you about it.
4. 过去将来完成进行时(The past future perfect continuous tense).
过去将来完成进行时表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。由“should/would+ have been +动词现在分词”构成。如:
He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.
必须强调的是,过去将来时、过去将来完成时和过去将来完成进行时中should/would的用法与在一般过去将来时的用法是相似的,即主语是第一人称时用should;其他人称的情况下用would。

英语中8种时态的结构~

其实英语共有十六种时态,但我们平时比较常用的只有八种,如下:
1、一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词)
2、一般过去时:主语+did
3、现在进行时:主语+am/is/are doing
4、过去进行时:was/were doing
5、现在完成时:have/has done
6、过去完成时:had done
7、一般将来时:will do/
8、过去将来时:was/were to /would do
【英语时态】
英语学习中不少人可能遇到时态问题,英语或句子中的所谓时态其实就是动词架构的变化,简单地理解就是动词的的组合。
【详细的16种时态】
1、一般现在时(do),
2、一般过去时(did),
3、一般将来时(will do),
4、 现在进行时(is/am/are doing),
5、过去进行时(was/were doing),
6、将来进行时(可与一般将来时换用,will be doing),
7、现在完成时(have/has done),
8、过去完成时(had done),发生在一般过去时的动作之前,
9、将来完成时(will have done),
10、现在完成进行时(have/has been doing),
11、过去完成进行时(had been doing),
12、将来完成进行时(will have been doing),
13、过去将来时(would do),
14、过去将来进行时(would be doing),
15、 过去将来完成时(would have done),
16、过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)

1. 一般现在时
一般现在时的形式
是以动词的原形表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or -es, 其构成方式列表如下:
情况 构成 例词
一般情况 词尾加-s Reads, writes
以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes
以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变Y为I,再加-es Tries, carries

但是,动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下:
一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化
I know it I am a student I have a pen.
You know it. You are a student You have a pen
He (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen.
We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens.

一般现在时的功用

1. 表示一直发生的事情,经常发生的动作:
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
2. 表示客观事实或者真理:
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.

3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等,如:
What time does the film begin?
The football match starts at 8 o’clock.
Tomorrow is Thursday.

4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等,如:
Where do you come from?
I come from China. 你是哪国人?我是中国人。

Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人?我是广州人。

5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容,如:
What does that notice say?
What does Ann say in her letter?
She says she’s coming to Beijing next week.
Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.”
莎士比亚说:“既不要向人借钱,也不要借钱给别人。”


一般过去时

一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态,它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。
1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式:
规则动词在其原形后面加-ed:
to work-worked
以字母e结尾的规则动词,只加-d:
to love---loved
对所有人称均无词形变化。
否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成
I / you / he / she / they / we did not work.
疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 构成
拼写注意:
情况 变化 例词
动词为单音节,以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit-admitted
以y结尾的动词,在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 - ed Carry -carriedHurry -hurried
以y 结尾的动词,在y 前为元音字母时 加-ed Obey-obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed


在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的,这类动词被称为不规则动词。总数大概不过200多个,但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类:

1》 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形,如:
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
shut shut shut
set set set
注意,有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式,如:
bet bet / betted bet / betted
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted
2》 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形,如:
bend bent bent
bring brought brought
catch caught caught
hide hid hid / hidden
get got got/ gotten(AmE)
lead led led
3》 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同,如:
原形 过去式 过去分词
begin began begun
break broke broken
forbid forbade forbidden
grow grew grown
ring rang rung
wake woke / waked woken / waked
此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同,如:
come came come
become became become
run ran run

一般过去时的功用
1) 表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动,如:
He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间,但是现在不在那里工作了)。
They once saw Deng Xiaopin.
Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?

2) 表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动,如:
When did you meet him?
I met him yesterday.

When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.

Where have you been?
I’ve been to the opera.
Did you enjoy it?

3) 表示过去的习惯
He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.


现在完成时的形式
现在完成时由to have 的现在时+过去分词构成:
肯定式 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式
I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked?
You have worked You havenot worked Have you worked? Have you not worked?
He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked?
We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not worked. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked?

紧缩形式

现在完成时的功用
现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与现在有密切联系,如:
------Oh,dear, I’ve forgotten her name.
和现在的联系就是 I don’t remember her name now.
------Fort has gone to Canada.
和现在的联系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now.

1) 表示延续到现在的动作 (有时是总计做了多少次等)。
How many times have you been to the United States?
She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.
Tom has lived in Now York all his life.

2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动,如:
I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。(说话时刻已经见到了)
This room hasn’t been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了)

3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,如:
The window has broken.


4) 和最高级连用,表示到现在为止是最……的
What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.
Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I’ve ever read.

5) 和句型 This is the first time…, It’s the first time 连用,如:
This is the first time he has driven a car.
(相当于 he has never driven a car before.)

Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital?
Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. It’s the second time he has lost it.

6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用,如:
Have you ever eaten French cheese?
We have never had a private car.
Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)

Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.

Don’t forget to mail the letter, will you?
I’ve already mailed it. (already 表示比预料的要快)

7)与since 连用,since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用,表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”,它总是与完成时连用,如:
She has been here since 6 o’clock.
He hasn’t been himself since the accident. (那次事故后,他从未完全康复)
Since I was a child I have lived in England.

一般过去时与现在完成时的比较

1) 过去时仅仅表示过去,现在完成时还表示与现在的关系,如:
He has lost his key.
He lost his key.

2) 与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时
The Chinese invented printing.
Shakespear wrote Hamlet.

3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间,就不能用现在完成时,如:
Did you see the film on television last night?
Tom lost his key yesterday.
询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时(when , what time, where), when , what time, where), 用一般过去时,如:
What time did they arrive?
When and where were you born?

比较:

Have you see Ann this moring? ( 说话时仍为上午)
Did you see Ann this morning? ( 说话时为下午)

Jack has lived in London for six years. 还在伦敦住
Jack lived in London for six years. 先不住伦敦了

I have never played golf in my life.
I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer.


现在进行时

现在进行时是由助动词to be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成:
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
I am working.You are working.He (she) is working.We (you,they) are working. I am not working.You are not working.He (she) is not working.We (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working?

现在分词的构成,是在动词原形上加-ing, 但是应该注意:
情况 变化 例词
动词以单个e 结尾 去掉e, 加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing
动词以 -ee结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing
动词为单音节:以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping
动词为双音节或者多音节:最后一个音节为重读音节,以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加 ing Be’gin be’ginningAd’mit ad’mitting
以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying

现在进行时的功用
1) 表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作
Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying.
Let’s get out. It isn’t raining any more.

2) 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作
Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
这些动作,在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。
3)表示最近的确定的安排
Ann is coming tomorrow.
Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?
At 10:15.
Are you meeting her at the station?
I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候,用现在进行时态显得更加自然,除非受到动词的功能的限制。在此,切不可用will, 如:
Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.

4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪,可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬,如:
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.

有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作,一般不用于进行时。例如,我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有:
want like hate know see hear believe understand seem
think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have (拥有)belong

To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受
Do you like Beijing?
Do you see the rainbow?
I remember him very well.
I think I understand what he wants.

一般现在时和现在进行时的比较

一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情
现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情,如:
Tom plays tennis every Sunday.
Where’s Tom? -------He is playing tennis.

What do you do? 你是干什么工作的?
What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么?


一般现在时是表示经久的情况,而现在进行时表示的是暂时的,如:
My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years.
She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.

过去进行时
过去进行时的构成形式为:
I / he /she was
We / they / you were + 动词的现在分词

过去进行时的功用
1) 表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作,如:
When I rang him up, he was having dinner.
This time last year I was living in Shanghai.
What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?

2) 过去进行时和一般过去时连用,表示在一个动作发生的过程中,发生了另一个动作,如:
It was raining when I got up.
I fell asleep when I was watching television.

3) 过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的,而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成,如:
Tom was cooking the dinner.
Tom cooked the dinner.


现在完成进行时
其构成形式如下:
I / we / they have
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
功用如下:
1) 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如:
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.

3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如:
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

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