各位 懂英语的进来告诉我 教我主动与被动语态的区别 举一些例子。 英语现在完成时主动语态,被动语态的区别?多举几个例句.
Many people speak English．（主动语态）
English is spoken by many people．（被动语态）
1．被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。
注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如 be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如：
My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。）
The door is open．（门开了。）
2．主动语态改被动语态的方法
1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。
2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如：
He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）
Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）
3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：
They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．
4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：
We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．
He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．
They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．
5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：
We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．
6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：
People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：
被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：
History is made by the people．�The people make history．
4．不能用于被动语态的情况
1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost， suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如：
They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。
My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。
How much ／What does it cost？这值多少钱？
Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。
This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。
2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：
They arrived at a decision．�A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。
They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at．）
He looked into the question．�The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。
3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如：
The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。
4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：
His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。
This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。
The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。
The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。
5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如：
Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。
You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter？你看来很不高兴———怎么回事儿？
The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。
Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。
She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。
6）宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如：
Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她。
Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。
7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：
She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。
We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。
8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如：
They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活。
The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了个甜美的梦。
9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：
The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。
The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。
5．某些动词的主动形式表被动含义
英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean， drive，draw， let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外，像 owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如：
This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机不太畅销。
The shop opens at eight o'clock．这个商店八点开门。
The pipe does not draw well．这烟斗不太通畅。
These plays act wonderfully．这些剧演得好。
Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。
注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如：
The door won't lock．门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）
His novels sell easily．他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好）
His novels are sold easily．他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）
6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义
1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。
2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如：
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一读。
Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。
This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个计划不值得考虑。
3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义
a．当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult， important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如：
Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学）
The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）
The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）
This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读）
b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：
I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）
He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）
注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如：
I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）
c．在there be．．．句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如：
There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做。
There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。
4）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如：
His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油画作品明天下午展出。
5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如：
How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！
Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。
Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。
这个就像语文中的“把字句”和“被字句”，用到英语中也是一样的，例如
Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
s+v+sth... 主动 I love you
情态动词sth be + 动词过去式 the car was hited by ....
英语词两种语态:主语态语态主语态表示主语作执行者语态表示主语作承受者:
Many
people
speak
English.(主语态)
English
is
spoken
by
many
people.(语态)
1.语态构
由于及物词能带宾语故语态及物词或相于及物词词短语才语态其基本构式助词be+词
注意:be+词结构定都语态些词(
befeellookseem等)面词已转化形容词用作表语表示状态:
My
bike
is
broken.(我自行车坏)
The
door
is
open.(门)
2.主语态改语态
1)主语态改语态应注意三面:①主语态宾语改语态主语;②主语态谓语词改be+词结构;③主语态主语改介词by宾语放谓语词(省略)
2)含直接宾语间接宾语主语态改语态两种情况:①间接宾语改语态主语直接宾语仍保留原位;②直接宾语改主语态主语间接宾语前要加介词to或
for:
He
gave
the
boy
an
apple.→The
boy
was
given
an
apple.(或An
apple
was
given
to
the
boy.)
Her
father
bought
her
a
present.→She
was
bought
a
present
by
her
father.(或A
present
was
bought
for
her
by
her
father.)
3)带to词定式作宾语补足语主语态改语态定式前要加to:
They
watched
the
children
sing
that
morning.→The
children
were
watched
to
sing
that
morning.
4)带复合宾语词改语态般主语态宾语改主语宾语补足语语态作主语补足语:
We
call
him
Xiao
Wang.→He
is
called
Xiao
Wang.
He
cut
his
hair
short.→His
hair
was
cut
short.
They
told
him
to
help
me.→He
was
told
to
help
me.
5)短语词割整体改语态要保持其完整性介词或副词遗漏:
We
must
take
good
care
of
the
young
trees.→The
young
trees
must
be
taken
good
care
of.
6)含宾语句主结构变结构通用it作结构先行主语句放句面;采用另种形式转换结构词knowsaybelievefindthinkreport等:
People
believe
that
he
is
ill.→It
is
believed
that
he
is
ill.(或:He
is
believed
to
be
ill.)
3.语态改主语态:
语态介词by宾语改主语态主语(或按题意要求确定主语)按照主语称数及原态谓语词形式由语态改主语态注意主语态词要求带to词定式作宾语补足语要语态to掉语态主语用作主语态宾语:
History
is
made
by
the
people.?The
people
make
history.
4.能用于语态情况
1)某些表示静态及物词(表示状态作且用于进行态词)havefitsuithold(容纳)cost
sufferlast(持续)等能用于语态:
They
have
a
nice
car.辆漂亮汽车
My
shoes
don't
fit
me.我鞋合适
My
brain
can't
hold
so
much
information
at
one
time.我脑记住资料
How
much
/What
does
it
cost值少钱
Our
holiday
lasts
10days.我假期十
This
food
will
last(them)(for)3days.食物足够()(吃)三
2)所带介词词都能用于结构若构语词通态若构语词则态试比较:
They
arrived
at
a
decision.?A
decision
was
arrived
at.作决定
They
arrived
at
the
station.达车站(说:The
station
was
arrived
at.)
He
looked
into
the
question.?The
question
was
looked
into.调查问题
3)词leave(离)enter(进入)join(参加)用于语态:
The
car
left
the
road
and
hit
a
tree.车离道路撞树
4)某些及物词作及物词用特别加副词(well
easily等)主语态含义类词见sellwrite
wearwashcookopencloselockreadrecord等:
His
new
novel
is
selling
well.新说畅销The
cloth
washes
well.布耐洗
This
material
won't
wear.种材料耐穿His
play
won't
act.戏剧演
The
window
won't
shut.窗关The
door
won't
open.门打
The
door
won't
lock.门锁This
poem
reads
well.首诗读
5)feellookappearsoundtastesmell等由实意词演变系词接形容词作表语用于语态:
Tell
me
if
you
feel
cold.要冷告诉我
You're
looking
very
unhappy-what's
the
matter看高兴---事
The
soup
tastes
wonderful.汤味道极
Those
roses
smell
beautiful.些玫瑰闻极
She
appears
to
be
friendly.看友
6)宾语定式或词-ing形式用于语态:
Peter
hoped
to
meet
her.彼希望遇见
Mr
Smith
enjoyed
seeing
his
daughter.史密斯先喜欢看
7)宾语反身代词或相互代词用于语态:
She
can
dress
herself.自穿衣服
We
could
hardly
see
each
other
in
the
fog.雾我彼几乎看见
8)宾语同源宾语用于语态:
They
live
a
happy
life.着幸福
The
girl
dreamed
a
sweet
dream
.孩做甜美梦
9)宾语带与主语照应关系物主代词用于语态:
The
old
man
broke
his(=the
old
man's)legs.自腿弄断
The
girl
shook
her(=the
girl's)head.孩摇摇
5.某些词主形式表含义
英语词actbreakcatchcutclean
drivedraw
letlockopensellreadwritewashwear等用作及物词描述主语特征其主形式用表达含义另外像
owebeatcookbakeprintbuildmake等用主形式表达含义:
This
kind
of
radio
doesn't
sell
well.种收音机太畅销
The
shop
opens
at
eight
o'clock.商店八点门
The
pipe
does
not
draw
well.烟斗太通畅
These
plays
act
wonderfully.些剧演
Kate's
book
reads
like
an
interesting
novel.凯特本书读起像本趣说
注意:主表强调主语特征语态则强调外界作用造影响:
The
door
won't
lock.门锁(指门本身毛病)
The
door
won't
be
locked.门锁(指锁门)
His
novels
sell
easily.说销路(指说本身内容)
His
novels
are
sold
easily.说容易销售(主要强调外界说需求量)
6.某些名词主形式表含义
1)needwantrequiredeservebear等词面名词用主形式表示含义其含义相于词定式形式:
The
house
needs
repairing(to
be
repaired).房需要修理
My
clothes
need
washing(to
be
washed).我衣服需要洗
2)形容词worth面跟名词主形式表示含义能跟词定式;worthy面跟词定式形式:
The
picture-book
is
well
worth
reading.(=The
picture-book
is
very
worthy
to
be
read.)本画册值读
Such
a
man
as
Mr.Smith
is
not
worth
helping.(=Such
a
man
as
Mr.Smith
is
not
worthy
to
be
helped.)像史密斯先值帮助
This
plan
is
not
worth
considering.(=This
plan
is
not
worthy
to
be
considered.)计划值考虑
3)某些词定式主形式表含义
a.niceeasyfitharddifficult
importantimpossiblepleasant
interesting等形容词跟定式作状语句主语词定式逻辑宾语用定式主形式表达含义:
Japanese
is
not
difficult
to
learn.语并难(指语)
The
water
is
unfit
to
drink.水适合喝(指水喝)
The
piece
of
music
is
pleasant
to
hear.首音乐听起悦耳(指音乐听)
This
book
is
easy
to
read.本书读起容易(指书读)
b.词定式名词面作定语定式名词间宾关系定式主形式表示含义:
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do
today.我今工作要做(work
to
do指做工作)
He
has
three
children
to
look
after.三孩要照看(children
to
look
after指孩照看)
注意:句型用词定式形式其含义所区别:
I
have
some
clothes
to
be
washed.我些要洗衣服(衣服自洗)
c.there
be...句型词定式修饰名词作定语定式用主或式其含义没区别:
There
is
a
lot
of
homework
to
do(to
be
done).家庭作业要做
There
are
some
clothes
to
wash(to
be
washed).些衣服要洗
4)由介词foronaboveunder等构短语表达含义:
His
paintings
will
be
on
show
tomorrow
afternoon.=His
paintings
will
be
shown
tomorrow
afternoon.油画作品明午展
5)表示官意义连系词smellfeeltastelooksound等句表达含义:
How
nice
the
music
sounds音乐听起悦耳
Good
medicine
tastes
bitter.良药苦口
Our
school
looks
more
beautiful
than
before.我校看比前更漂亮
请各举一个例子说明英语中的主动语态和被动语态,急啊!!!!!!!!!!~
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
Many people speak English．（主动语态）
English is spoken by many people．（被动语态）
1．被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。
注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如 be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如：
My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。）
The door is open．（门开了。）
2．主动语态改被动语态的方法
1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。
2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如：
He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）
Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．）
3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：
They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．
4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：
We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．
He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．
They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．
5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：
We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．
6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：
People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：
被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：
History is made by the people．�The people make history．
4．不能用于被动语态的情况
1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost， suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如：
They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。
My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。
How much ／What does it cost？这值多少钱？
Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。
This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。
2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：
They arrived at a decision．�A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。
They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at．）
He looked into the question．�The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。
3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如：
The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。
4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well， easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write， wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：
His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。
This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。
The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。
The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。
5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。如：
Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。
You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter？你看来很不高兴———怎么回事儿？
The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。
Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。
She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。
6）宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如：
Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她。
Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。
7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：
She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。
We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。
8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如：
They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活。
The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了个甜美的梦。
9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：
The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。
The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。
5．某些动词的主动形式表被动含义
英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean， drive，draw， let，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外，像 owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如：
This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机不太畅销。
The shop opens at eight o'clock．这个商店八点开门。
The pipe does not draw well．这烟斗不太通畅。
These plays act wonderfully．这些剧演得好。
Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。
注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如：
The door won't lock．门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）
His novels sell easily．他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好）
His novels are sold easily．他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）
6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义
1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。
2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如：
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一读。
Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。
This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个计划不值得考虑。
3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义
a．当nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult， important，impossible，pleasant， interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。如：
Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学）
The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）
The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）
This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读）
b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：
I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）
He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）
注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如：
I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）
c．在there be．．．句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。如：
There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做。
There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。
4）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如：
His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油画作品明天下午展出。
5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如：
How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！
Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。
Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。
没有很大的区别，就是正常的被动语态用了现在完成时。示例如下：
现在完成时：HAVE BEEN DONE 例子：I've been to New York three times so far.
主动是某人做某事什么什么的 例子：I am wring a book.
被动：been done 例子：The car was washed by Jake.
现在完成时（英语术语）
现在完成时( The Present Perfect Tense)是过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。
完成时态的构成分为两部分：一是助动词，二是实义动词的过去分词-ed。具体来说，用助动词have/has表示“时”，以表明动作发生的时间是在过去、现在还是将来；用过去分词来表示动作的“态”，以表明该动作已经完成，而且对现在有一定的影响。
它的构成是：主语+助动词(have/has) +动词的过去分词。（done）
现在完成时的应用
1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
2、过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成或可能持续下去。
3、现在完成时表示将来。
