用英语介绍颐和园和天安门 颐和园英文简介
Brief Survey
BEIJING lies in the north of the North China Plain, at 39°56′N and 116°20′E. it
neighbors the Tianjin Municipality in the east, and borders Hebei Province on
three sides-the north, west and south. The terrain of the Beijing area slopes
from the northwest to the southeast. Mountains snake round the city's north,
west and northeast, while the southeast part of the city is a plain that slopes
gently toward the coast of the Bohai Sea. The Yongding, Chaobai and Juma rivers
and the north section of the Grand Cannel crisscross the area under Beijing's
jurisdiction. Most of the rivers originate from mountainous areas in the
northwest, cut through mountains and zigzag through the plain in the southeast
before emptying into Bohai Sea.
Beijing belongs to the warm temperate
zone with a semi-humid climate. It has four distinctive seasons, with short
springs and autumns while summers and winters are always long. Annual
temperatures average 12.8℃. January is the coldest month with an average
temperature of -6.4℃,and July, the hottest with an average temperature of 29.6℃.
The annual precipitation s measured at 371.1mm, and the frost-free period is 196
days.
Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It
covers 16,807.8 square kilometers. Mountainous areas occupy 10,417.5 square
kilometers, accounting for 62% of the city's landmass. The rest, 6390.3 square
kilometers or 38% of the total, are flatland. The municipality governs 14 urban
districts and 4 rural counties.
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天安门
天安门
中国的象征性建筑物，世界文化遗产––北京故宫的正门，全国重点文物保护单位，全国爱国主义教育基地，天安门广场是全国红色旅游经典景区。位于北京城中轴线和东西长安街的交汇处。始建于明永乐十五年初称“承天门”，明朝时两次毁于雷击战火。清顺治八年（1651），清世祖福临大规模重建，并更名承天门为“天安门”。造型威严庄重，气势宏大，雄伟壮丽，是中国古代城门中杰出的代表作。后来在康熙二十七年（1688年）和1952年的两次大规模修缮、1970年的重修时，基本保持了顺治时改建的形制。1970年重修后的天安门比原来高了83厘米，通高为34.7米。天安门城楼于1988年1月1日正式对外开放。
天安门由城台和城楼两部分组成。城楼坐落于13米高的城台上。城台有卷门五阙，中间的卷门最为高大，明清时仅供皇帝进出。两侧卷门依次略小，王公大臣按品级出入。门前有金水河，河上有雕饰精美的汉白玉桥7座。中间一桥较宽，又称御路桥，为皇帝专用。中间卷门前后各有华表一对。每个华表高近10米，重 10吨。顶部装饰“望天吼”，下面横插着云板，石柱上雕刻着云龙。门外两旁蹲着两只石狮。高大威猛，神态生动。石狮两侧是红色的观礼台。金水桥前有一片美丽的花坛。南面便是有“百里长街”之称的北京长安街。长安街之南就是世界著名的天安门广场。坐落于城台上的天安门城楼，重檐歇山顶，上覆黄琉璃瓦，正脊两端鸱吻，戗脊列9尊小兽。面阔9间，进深5间，寓意皇帝的“九五至尊”。60根巨柱支撑着重檐屋顶，方砖墁地。城楼四周有汉白玉石护拦。天安门是明、清两代举行重大典仪的地方，凡遇皇帝登基、册立皇后等重大庆典，都需在此举行颁诏仪式。
天安门不仅是中国象征性的建筑物，她也与国家、民族的命运紧密地联系在一起，中国近代史上的许多重大事件都在天安门前发生。1900年，八国联军进攻北京，对天安门进行了疯狂的射击。1952年修缮天安门时，还在城楼西边的大梁上取出3颗带有英文字母的炮弹！1911年，统治了中国数千年的封建帝制，在天安门宣告结束；1919年，这里爆发了震惊世界的“五四运动”，成为中国新民主主义的开端；1926年，这里发生了反动军阀镇压学生和市民的“三一八惨案”；1935年，这里爆发了著名的“一二九运动”，推动了中国抗日战争的发展；1949年10月1日，中国人民的伟大领袖毛泽东主席，在天安门城楼上宣告中华人民共和国成立，掀开了中国历史新的一页。天安门也成为新中国的象征。在天安门的正面高高的悬挂着毛主席的巨幅画像。
天安门广场原为皇城正门的宫廷前院，面积约为11万平方米。两侧有围墙、千步廊，东西南各有一门。封建帝制结束后，几经扩建，特别是新中国成立以后，又进行了数次扩建、修葺，形成了今天的天安门广场。今天的天安门广场，南北长880米，东西宽500米，面积44万平方米。东面是国家博物馆，西面是人民大会堂，中间是人民英雄纪念碑，纪念碑南是毛主席纪念堂。每天在天安门广场举行的国旗升（降）仪式，隆重、壮观、是每一个热爱新中国的人，心情非常激动的时刻。在中国社会改革开放的新的历史时期，天安门以其丰富的历史内涵、无与伦比的政治地位、中国古代文明和现代文明的高度浓缩，为中外人士瞩目和神往，吸引着来自世界各地的宾客。
七上英语 介绍北京天安门，颐和园，长城和故宫的~
颐和园的
Summer Palace, located in the northwest Beijing Haidian District, 15 km from the Beijing City. Covering an area of about 290 hectares, the existing Summer Palace is China's largest, most complete preservation of the imperial garden, the Summer Palace, the palace was originally Qing Dynasty emperors and Garden
天安门的
Tian’an men( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place.
On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.
Tian’anmen Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.
Around the Square are several famous buildings:
1. The Great Hall of the People
2. The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution
3. The Monument to the People’s Heroes
4. Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum
Tian'anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.
长城的
The Great Wall of China, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987. Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 6,700 kilometers (4,163 miles ) from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years, some of the sections of the great wall are now in ruins or even entirely disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance.
故宫博物院的
This is the Palace Museum, also known as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor , construction began in 1406. It took 14 years to build the Forbidden City.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east west. It has 9900 rooms under a total roof area 150000 square meters. A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9 –meter- high wall which encloses the complex.
It is believed that the Palace Museum got its name from astronomy folklore. The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan. The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace.
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count. We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony. The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions, symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession.
The Forbidden City consists of an outer count and an inner enclosure. The outer count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. The great three halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped,8-meter-high, triple marble terrace. Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs.
This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30000 square meters. Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the ground bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise,making up fifteen layers in all.
颐和园英文简介：
The Summer Palace, the imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as the Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the urban area, covering an area of about 290 hectares, adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan.
It is a large landscape garden based on Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill, based on the West Lake of Hangzhou and drawing on the design techniques of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. It is also the most complete imperial palace and imperial court preserved. It is known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and is also a national key tourist attraction.
颐和园中文简介：
颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷，与圆明园毗邻。
它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。
扩展资料：
颐和园主要景点：
一、苏州街
苏州街又称“买卖街”。苏州街是后湖两岸仿江南水乡——苏州而建的买卖街。清漪园时期岸上有各式店铺，如玉器古玩店、绸缎店、点心铺、茶楼、金银首饰楼等。店铺中的店员都是太监、宫女妆扮。皇帝游幸时开始“营业”。后湖岸边的数十处店铺于咸丰十年（1860年）被列强焚毁，1986年重建。
二、万寿山
万寿山属燕山余脉，高58.59米。建筑群依山而筑，万寿山前山，以八面三层四重檐的佛香阁为中心，组成巨大的主体建筑群。从山脚的“云辉玉宇”牌楼，经排云门、二宫门、排云殿、德辉殿、佛香阁，直至山顶的智慧海，形成了一条层层上升的中轴线。
三、四大部洲
四大部州在万寿山后山中部，是汉藏式的建筑群。占地2万平方米，因山顺势，就地起阁。前有须弥灵境（现为平台），两侧有3米高的经幢，后有寺庙群主体建筑香岩宗印之阁。四周是象徵佛教世界的四大部洲——东胜身洲、西牛货洲、南赡部洲、北俱卢洲和用不同形式的塔台修建成的八小部洲。
参考资料来源：百度百科—颐和园
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