高一宾语从句和定语从句 高一英语中[宾语从句,定语从句,主语从句等从句]如何区分?它...

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以下是以前本人在网上搜到的,加上上课老师讲的和语法书中的,然后自己总结的,留着复习用的,,,大概总结了半个月呢。。。。。。望采纳。。。。。
1)宾语从句
定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
分类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
(五,七,八,九 这四个知识点重点记忆,其他的大致理解就行了)
一、宾语从句的连接词
1、从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句.
  He told me (that )he would go to college the next year
  他告诉我他明年上大学.
  I don’t knowif there will be a bus any more.
  我不知道是否还会有公交车.
  Nobody knew whether he could pass theexam.
  没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
  2、连接代词
  连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
  Do you know who has won Red Alert Game?
  你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么?
  The book will show you what the bestCEOs should know.
  这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
  Have you determined whichever youshould buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
  你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗
  3、连接副词
  连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
  He didn’t’t tell me when we should meet again.
  他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
  Could you please tell me how you usethe new panel?
  你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗
  None of us knows where these new partscan be bought.
  没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
二、动词的宾语从句
  1.大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句
  We all expect (that )they will win, for members of theirteam are stronger.
  我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
  He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.
  他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.
  2.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
  I have found out (that) all the tickets for the concert havebeen sold out.
  我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
  Can you work out (that)how much we will spend during the trip
  你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗
  3.动词短语也可以带宾语从句,常见的有: make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
  Make sure that there are no mistakesin your papers before you turn them in.
  当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
  4.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
  ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
  I think it necessary that we takeplenty of hot water every day.
  我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
  I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
  我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
  I have made it a rule that I keepdiaries.
  我每天写日记成了习惯.
  We all find it important that we(should) make a quick decision about this matter.
  我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
  ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it,这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see,to.
  I hate it when they say with theirmouths full of food.
  我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
  He will have it that our plan isreally practical.
  他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
  We take it that you will agree withus.
  我们认为你会同意我们的.
  When you start the engine, you mustsee to it that car is in neutral.
  开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
  ③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
  We all consider what you said to beunbelievable.
  我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
  We discovered what we had learned tobe valuable.
  我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.
三、介词的宾语从句
  1.用if或whether之类的介词宾语从句:
  We are talking about if/whether weadmit students into our club.
  我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
2.用that引导的介词宾语从句
3.有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
  I know nothing about my new neighborexcept that he used to work with a company.
  对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
  常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
  I am sure I will pass the exam.
  我确信我会通过考试.
  I am sorry that I have troubled you solong.
  很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
  He is glad that Li Ming went to seehim when he was ill.
  他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
五、if, whether在宾语从句中的区别
  ① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
  ② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
  ③ whether后可以直接加or not,但是if不可以.但如果构成whether…or not时,whether可用if换。
  ④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
   I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
  ⑤ if也有“如果”的意思,为了避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
  1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
  2.当宾语从句较长时;
  3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
  4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
  5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
  6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this, that做主语的定语时;
  7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
  8.当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
  9.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
  10.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
  11.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
七、宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
  I don’t thinkhe will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
  我认为他不会来我的舞会.
  I don’tbelieve that man is killed by Jim, is he
  我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是
  如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
  We find that he never listens to theteacher carefully, does he
  我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是
八、宾语从句的时态
  1.当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
  2.当主句为过去时
  ①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
  I only knew he was studying in awestern country, but I didn’t’t know what country he was in.
  我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
  He asked me if I was reading the storyThe Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
  他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
  ②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
  He told me that he had told Mary aboutthe meeting already.
  他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
  ③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
  The reporter asked if the governmentwould take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
  记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
  ④如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
  The teacher said that the moon goesaround the earth yesterday.
  老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.
⑤当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do youthink the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手。
3.当主句含有情态动词could、would等用于表示请求、委婉、客气的语气时,从句不受主句的约束。
九、宾语从句的语序
1.要求使用陈述句语序。
2.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首。
Who do you think the public mightchoose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手。

2)定语从句
(三,四,五 这三个重点记忆)
一、定义: 在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句, 叫做定语从句.
二、先行词: 被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词, 通常位于定语从句之前.
三、关系词:引导定语从句的词是关系代词. 关系词又分为: 关系代词和关系副词.
1.关系代词主要有: who, whom, whose, that, which …
2.关系副词主要有: when, where, why …
3.关系词主要位于先行词后和定语从句之前.
4.关系词的作用:⑴ 起连接作用. ⑵在从句中充当成分.
四、含有定语从句的结构: 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
⑴ 当先行词是人时, 可以由 that, who, whom 来引导. that, who, 在句中既可以作主语也可以作宾语, whom 只能在句中作宾语. Whose 在句中只能作定语。
Doyou know the girl who / that has got an “A” in the exam ?
你认识那个在考试中得”A”的女孩吗? ( who / that 在句中作主语 )
I know the girl whom / who / that youtalked to yesterday.
我认识昨天和你谈话的那个女孩. ( who / whom / that 在句中作宾语,可以互换 )
Do you know the girl whose eyes are verybig?
你认识那个眼睛大大的女孩吗?( whose 在句中作定语 )
⑵ 当先行词是物时, 可以由 which, that 来引导, 在句中主要作主语、宾语、或表语。
She got a computer which / that her parentsbought for her.
她有一台电脑, 这台电脑是她父母买给她的。(which / that 在句中作宾语 )
This is the building which / that is beingbuilt.
这就是现在正在建的那所大大厦。(which / that 在句中作主语)
⑶ 在句中作状语主要来引导时间、地点和原因。 由when, where, why 来引导。
Istill remember the day when you left for Beijing.
我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。(when 在句中作时间状语 )
This is the school where my mother works.
这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。( where 在句中作地点状语 )
This is the reason why he was late for school.
这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。
五、注意:下列情况下只能由that 来引导,不能用who / which来引导。
(1)当先行词是all, little, much, few, many, any, everything,something, anything, nothing, none时。
Is there anything that you don’t understand ?
你还有什么不懂的吗?
(2)当先行词被序数词(the first,the second,the last等)修饰时,或用the very,the only修饰表示物的先行词时。
He is the only person that can help you out.
他就是那个惟一可以帮你的人。
(3)当先行词是形容词、副词最高级或被形容词、副词最高级修饰时。
This is the best book I have ever read.
这就是我读过的最好的书。
(4)先行词作表语时。
(5)先行词既指人又指物时。
(6)主句是who,which开头的疑问句时。
(7)主句是There be句型修饰表示物的先行词时。
(8)主句是Here开头的句子。

宾语从句与定语从句最根本区别:动词+宾语从句; 名词或宾格+定语从句。注意汉语翻译时先已含有“的”定语从句后翻译定语从句前的名词

高一英语定语从句和宾语从句的知识点 刚刚学 有点蒙~

1 定语从句相当于形容词,翻译为‘……的’。修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。   位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后。   例:Those who are willing to attend the party , sign your names here please.
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词常有3个作用:   ①连接作用,引导定语从句。   ②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。   ③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。   注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语,时间状语,原因状语等。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如The man The book
限制性定语从句
关系代词
  关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语   1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]   2. 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置   3. 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:   a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;   b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;   c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;   d)先行词中既有人又有物时;   e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;   f)当先行词为物并作表语时;   g)先行词为one时;   h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;   4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语   5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
关系副词
  关系副词:在句中作状语   关系副词=介词+关系代词   why=for which   where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)   when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)   1. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。   2. when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。   By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。   I still remember the first time when I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。   Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西。   3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is 开头   There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。   非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
编辑本段非限制性定语从句
  1. which引导的非限制性定语从句作用是说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分   2.当先行词是专有名词、物主代词或指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:   Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。   My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。   This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。   3.非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:   He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。   Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。   4. 有时as也可用作关系代词   5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who, whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物,如果需要用why,可用for which代替.;   p.s: which引导的非限制性定语从句其后不可省略成分,as可以
编辑本段关系代词引导的定语从句
who指人在从句中做主语
  (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.   (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人.
whom指人
  在定语从句中充当宾语,常省略。(注:who和whom已无太大区别,基本可以通用。区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以,whom前可以加介词如to whom,但是who不可以)   (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人.   (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy(whom)I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.   (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.   注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。   如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人.   如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人.
whose通常指人也可指物
  在定语从句中做定语,表所有。   (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生.   (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在一座现在已经倒塌的房子中.   whose指物时通常以以下结构来代替   (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.那个门被打破的教室不久会被修复。   (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.课堂门,被打破会不久被修复。   (5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?你喜欢颜色是黄色的书吗?   (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?你喜欢的书的颜色,是黄色吗?   which指物   在定语从句中做主语,表语,定语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。在非限制性定语从句中有“,”即可用which   (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.   (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.
that指人时
  相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。   在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。   (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.数目的人民那个/谁来城市观光每年上升之一个百万   (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?那个男人在哪里/我看见谁了今天早上?
编辑本段关系副词引导的定语从句
when指时间
  在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用   (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.   (2) The time when we got together finally came.
where指地点
  在定语从句中做地点状语   (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.   (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
why指原因
  在定语从句中做原因状语   (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.   (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.   注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换   (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,   (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
编辑本段介词和关系代词
  1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。   2)that前不能有介词。   3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。    This is the house in which I lived two years ago.    This is the house where I lived two years ago.    Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?    Do you remember the day when you joined our club?   This is the reason why he came late.   This is the reason for which he came late.   介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时   从句常由介词+关系代词引导   当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能用which/whom即“介词+which/whom"且不能省略。但当介词位于末尾时可用that/which/who/whom.作介词的宾语,且可以省略。例如:   (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous."that/which"可以省略   = The school in which he once studied is very famous."which”不可省略   (2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.   = Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.   (3) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.   = We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.   注意:   1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等   T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T=正确)   F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F=错误)   2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose   (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)   The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)   (2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)   The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)   3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词、数词或者名词。   (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.   (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.   (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.   (4) The boat, the name of which is Topsail, is famous.   (5) I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.
关系代词
  关系代词(一般情况下)that 可用在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语。   which指物,在从句中作主语,谓语或宾语;   who在从句中作主语;   whom在从句中作宾语;   where在从句中修饰表地点的名词,做地点状语;   when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做时间状语;   why在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是"reason"   有时why也可用for+which代替。   例:A doctor is a person ‖who looks after people's health.   主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词




宾语从句:宾语从句用法
  时态:   1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不限”   2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从四过”   3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。   4.情态动词could/would用于,“请求”,表示委婉、客气的语气时,从句不受主句的约束。   一、宾语从句的连接词   从属连词   连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.   that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,   if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句.   He told me (that )he would go to college the next year   他告诉我他明年上大学.   I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.   我不知道是否还会有公交车.   Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.   没有人知道他是否会通过考试.   连接代词   连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.   连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.   Do you know who has won Red Alert game?   你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么?   The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.   这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.   Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?   你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?   连接副词   连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.   He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.   他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.   Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?   你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?   None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.   没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.

宾语从句

(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式。
②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时)。
③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。


状语从句

(2)对于状语从句, 我们主要学习了时间状语从句和条件状语从句。对于这两种状语从句, 除了注意语序要用陈述句语序外, 在时态上尤其要注意, “主将从现”这种结构(即: 当主句是将来时态时候), 从句如果也要用将来时, 则必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的连接词通常为: when, while, as soon as, until和if。所以, 当连接词为以上五个词时, 如果主句是将来时, 就要考虑从句是否也要用将来时, 如果是, 则用“主将从现”结构, 其它还有由so…that…构成的结果状语从句, 由Though…或…but…, 构成的让步状语从句和由because或so构成的原因状语从句, 注意Though(虽然)与but(但是), because(因为)与so(所以)不能同时出现在句子里, 只用其中之一表达汉语中两个词的意义。


表语从句

在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。


如:What What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。

The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。

This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。

That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。

His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。

注意:从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语序。


as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句。

She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。

It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。


同位语从句

一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。如:
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。)如:
l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。 如:
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如:
The news that l hove passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。)
The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。)
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如:
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成份。)
The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
(that在从句中作gave的宾语。)



定语从句(很麻烦的说~)

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

2. 关系副词引导的定语从句


关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

3 .判断关系代词与关系副词


方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.


判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.


习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。


方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

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宾语从句合定语从句的区别
答:最大的区别是宾语从句的整个句子在句子中做宾语,定语从句则修饰主语或宾语。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句...

定语从句,宾语从句及状语从句有什么区别
答:1、定义不同 定语从句指一个句子跟在一名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定。宾语从句指在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句。状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。2、引导词不同 定语从句的引导词又称为先行词,一般可以做先行词的单词有:who、whom、 that、...

定语从句和宾语从句区别
答:宾语从句的位置一般在动词或者介词短语之后,因为宾语一般都在动词或者介词短语之后。定语从句的关系代词只有that, who, which, whom,关系副词也只有when, where, why,所以如果有的句子是whether, if, how, what等词引导的,肯定不是定语从句。简介:1、narration记叙文 记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、...

定语从句,宾语从句,表语从句 的区别
答:定语从句由关系代词that引导.关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分.作宾语时可省略.由when. why. where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于: 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用.没有指代作用, 定语从句由关系副词引导.关系副词具有指代先行词的作用.常用一个介词加关系代词替换.例如:I will never forget...

什么是宾语从句和定语从句?
答:句的类型是由从句的位置或者说从句起的作用决定的.从句放在宾语的位置、起宾语的作用就是宾语从句;放在名词/代词之后、起定语的作用就是定语从句(修饰名词/代词的词叫定语,修饰名词/代词的从句就叫定语从句).eg:I don't know why he was late.我不知道他为什么迟到了.(why he was late放在了know...

宾语从句和定语从句的区别
答:宾语从句,从字面上可以看出,整个一小句子充当动词或之后作宾语,比如I hope that he will get back soon. 我希望他能快点回来,句中that 可以省略。而后面的完整的句子做hope的宾语 定语从句,整个一小句子充当形容词修释名词或代词。比如I have a classmate who is beautiful,其中的who is ...