to do和doing做主语的区别

作者&投稿:老瑞 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语,一般说来,有下面几点须给予注意:\x0d(1)
不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为;而-ing分词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为.如:\x0dTo
complete
the
program
needs
much
effort.完成这项计划需要很大的努力.\x0dRiding
a
bike
can
make
a
man
smart.骑单车能使一个人敏捷.\x0d(2)
在疑问句中,只能用动名词的复合结构作主语.如:\x0d(3)
在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语.如:It
is
no
use
doing…/
It
is
no
good
doing…
/
It
is
useless
doing…/
It
is
worthwhile
doing…如:\x0dIt
is
no
use
talking
your
trouble
to
a
man
like
him.跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用.\x0d(4)
一般说来,作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致,即:或同时为不定式,或同时为-ing分词.如:\x0dSeeing
is
believing.眼见为实.\x0d但是,在现代英语中,当表语用来说明主语的特定意义或具体内容时,主语和表语的非谓语动词的形式可以不一致,即,主语用动名词,而表语用动词不定式.如:\x0dWaving
your
hand
is
to
say
“Good-bye”.挥手就是说“再见”.\x0dNodding
your
head
is
to
say
“Yes”.点头就是说“对,是的”.

一、.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点
1.
不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语。如:
It
is
not
easy
to
learn
English
well.
It
is
no
use
asking
him
for
help.
2.
如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性。如:
To
see
is
to
believe.
=
Seeing
is
believing.
(眼见为实)
It
is
better
to
stay
home
than
to
go
out.
二、动名词和不定式做主语的不同点
1.
不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作,表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词。如:
Walking
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
2.在”There/It
+be+
no
use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式。如:
It
/There
is
no
use
crying
over
the
split
milk.
It
/There
is
no
help
taking
this
medicine.
但是,如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式。如:
There
is
no
good
for
us
to
do
that
exercise.
3.
不定式可以和when,
where,
how,
what,
whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能。如:
How
to
solve
the
problem
is
a
hot
potato.
Where
to
put
the
box
seems
hard
to
decide.
Whether
to
do
it
hasn't
been
decided.
What
to
do
next
is
up
to
you.

应该用travelling
不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语,一般说来,
有下面几点须给予注意:
(1)
不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为;而-ing分词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为。如:
to
complete
the
program
needs
much
effort.
完成这项计划需要很大的努力。
riding
a
bike
can
make
a
man
smart.
骑单车能使一个人敏捷。
(2)
在疑问句中,只能用动名词的复合结构作主语。如:
is
his
speaking
reasonable?
她的说话有道理吗?
(3)
在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。如:it
is
no
use
doing…/
it
is
no
good
doing…
/
it
is
useless
doing…/
it
is
worthwhile
doing…如:
it
is
no
use
talking
your
trouble
to
a
man
like
him.
跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用。
(4)
一般说来,作主语和表语的非谓语动词形式应一致,即:或同时为不定式,或同时为-ing分词。如:
seeing
is
believing.
眼见为实。
但是,在现代英语中,当表语用来说明主语的特定意义或具体内容时,主语和表语的非谓语动词的形式可以不一致,即,主语用动名词,而表语用动词不定式。如:
waving
your
hand
is
to
say
“good-bye”.
挥手就是说“再见”。
nodding
your
head
is
to
say
“yes”.
点头就是说“对,是的”。

~