动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的句子 不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法(作主语和定语的用法只要...

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动词不定式 不定式在句中作以下成分: ·作主语,例如: To die for the people is a glorious death. 为人民而死,虽死犹荣。 To ignore this would be a mistake. 忽视这一点是错误的。 To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another. 懂一点英语是一回事;掌握英语完全是另一回事。 有时用 it 作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式后置,例如: It is necessary to make a study plan. 有必要制订一份学习计划。 It is not difficult to learn a foreign language if you spend time and effort on it. 只要你花时间下功夫,学好一门外语并不难。 It seems a pity to refuse. 拒绝似乎很遗憾。 It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 听他这样谈话我们非常气愤。 ·作表语,例如: To live like this is to enjoy life. 这样生活是一种享受。 What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand. 我所喜欢的是在大海里游泳,然后躺在温暖的沙滩上。 Our task is to make these young students into excellent doctors. 我们的任务是将这些年轻学生培养成优秀的医生。 The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. 最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。 ·作宾语,例如: He must learn to work hard and to save money. 他必须学会勤俭节约。 Men fear death as children fear to go in the dark. 人们之惧怕死亡,犹如儿童之惧怕在黑暗中行走。 We decided to make changes in our plan. 我们决定把计划做些修改。 Mary begged to go with us. 玛丽恳求和我们一道去。 Some people can't bear to watch a bullfight. 有些人不忍心看斗牛。 能以不定式作宾语的动词有很多,常用的有:afford, agree, aim, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, can't bear, cease, choose, claim, commence, compete, consent, continue, dare, decide, decline, demand, deserve, desire, dislike, endeavour, expect, fail, fear, forget, get, grow, hasten, hate, have, help, hesitate, hope, hurry, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, neglect, offer, pay, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, seek, refuse, start, stop, strive, struggle, threaten, train, try, undertake, unite, venture, volunteer, wait, want, wish 等。 动词不定式还可与 wh 词一起作动词的宾语,例如: I don't know how to tell you. 我不知道该怎样告诉你才好。 She knows where to find the key. 她知道该到哪儿去找钥匙。 You will soon learn when to use this construction. 你很快就会懂得在何时使用这种结构。 We must decide whether to go or stay. 我们得决定去还是留。 I hope you'll advise me what to do. 我希望你给我出主意怎么办好。 能接“wh - + 不定式”作宾语的动词有:advise, ask, consider, decide, discover, discuss, explain, find out, forget, guess, hear, imagine, know, learn, observe, perceive, remember, see, show, teach, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。 动词不定式在带有宾补的句中作宾语时,常用 it 的作形式宾语而将不定式宾语后置,例如 : I think it necessary to help each other. 我认为有必要互相帮助。 They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. 他们发现不可能把一切都及时准备好。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him about it. 她觉得没有必要和他辩论。 I have long had it in mind to answer you letter. 我一直在想给你回信。 ·作宾语,例如: The doctor advised him to take a good rest. 大夫劝他好好休息。 We consider him to be a good teacher. 我们认为他是个好老师。 I didn't expect you to arrive so early. 没想到你来得这么早。 May I request you to be present at the ceremony? 我可否请你出席这次仪式? His conscience compelled him to tell the truth. 他的良心促使他讲出了真情。 I mentioned casually that my doctor had absolutely forbidden me to drink champagne. 我顺便提及我的医生绝对禁止我喝香槟酒。 能接动词不定式作宾补的动词有: advise, allow, assist, bribe, cause, caution, challenge, charge, command, compel, condemn, dare, defy, direct, drive, enable, encourage, entitle, force, impel, implore, incite, induce, inform, instruct, invite , oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, require, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, warn, wish 等。 有些动词要求接不带 to 的不定式作宾补,例如: I saw the train come into the station. 我看见火车进站了。 I often hear them sing this song. 我常常听到他们唱这首歌。 Suddenly we felt the atmosphere grow tense. 突然我们感到气氛紧张起来。 As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, “I have something to show you.” 小时候有一次我去爱因斯坦家拜访时很腼腆,他说:“我有样东西给你看”,于是我感到无拘无束了。 能接省 to 的动词不定式作宾补的动词有:let, make, see, hear, listen to, feel, watch, notice, help 及 have. 有些动词像 think, consider, believe, suppose, know, feel, find, understand, declare, take 等可接 to be 短语作宾补,例如: They would start off by saying that “everyone knows” the earth to be round, and if pressed further, would become angry. 他们一开始就会说“大家都知道”地球是圆的,如追问下去,他们便会生气。 They believed these principles to be universally true. 他们认为这些原则是普遍适用的。 They found the answer to be quite satisfactory. 他们对答复感到满意。 ·作定语,例如: This is the best way to solve the problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好方法。 Look at the number of shops to let. 查一查出租商店的数目。 He wore a pale blue shirt and a tie to match. 他身穿淡蓝色的衬衣,系一条与衬衣相配的领带。 There are still two more items to include in the programme. 还有两个节目要列入节目单。 No investigation, no right to speak. 没有调查就没有发言权。 We must have the courage to say that we are ignorant. 我们应当有勇气承认自己是无知的。 You haven't kept your promise to write us regularly. 你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。 You should have confidence in your ability to fulfil the task. 你们应对自己完成任务的能力有信心。 ·作状语,通常表示目的或者结果,例如: To solve the problem, he has read a lot of reference books. 为了解决这个问题,他看了许多参考书。 We arrived at the station only to find that the train had left. 我们到车站时,不料火车已经开走了。 They ran over to welcome the delegates. 他们跑过去欢迎代表们。 What have I said to make you so excited? 我说了什么话使你这样激动? We must do everything we can to help them. 我们要尽一切力量帮助他们。 动词不定式还可以用在作表语用的形容词(或过去分词)后面作状语,说明产生这种情绪的原 因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。可用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有:happy, lucky, fortunate, unfortunate, pained, ashamed, surprised, grieved, frightened, shocked, sorry, glad, delighted, able, unable, destined, apt, willing, unwilling, worthy, eager, proud, disappointed, angry, right, anxious, content, impatient , fit, ready, clever, unwise, naughty, quick, slow, prompt, foolish, rude, thoughtless, (in) considerate, cruel, wrong 等。例如: George was anxious to get home. 乔治急于回家。 I an very pleased to have been of help. 帮上了忙我很高兴。 He was surprised to see them there. 看到他们在那儿,他感到惊奇。 He was fortunate to escape being injured. 他没受伤真是幸运。 Tom was stupid to believe that. 汤姆连那一点都相信真是愚蠢。 These shoes are not fit to wear. 这些鞋子穿起来不合适。 Tom isn't able to go to the party. 汤姆不能去参加聚会。

不定式是比较常用的一种,下面笔者谈一谈初中学生如何学好动词不定式。一、首先要弄清楚它的基本形式即to+动词原形。强调只有后面跟了动词原形才可以叫不定式。如果后面跟的不是动词原形。例如:go to America,to是介词。二、其次要掌握它的功能。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词等特征,故在句中可以担任六大成分----主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。1.作主语。例如:To learn English is not an easy thing.注意,有时为了使保持句子平衡,可用it作形式主语。如上面句子可写成:It isn't an easy thing to learn English.2.作宾语。例如:He wants to visit Nanjing.动词stop, forget, remember, try, go on, need等动词后既可接to do sth.也可跟doing sth.但意思完全不一样。例如:stop to do sth.停下原来的事去干某事stop doing sth.停止(正在)干的事 After class the students stopped to have a rest.课后,同学们停下来去休息。When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking.当老师进来时,同学们停止交谈。forget to do sth.忘记去干某事forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事Don't forget to tell him the news.别忘记告诉他这个消息。I forgot telling him the news.我忘了已经告诉他这个消息了。remember to do sth.记住要做某事。remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事。Please remember to turn off the lights.请记住关灯。I remember turning off the lights.我记得关了灯。go on to do sth.接着去做另一件事go on doing sth继续做原来的一件事He went on to write after he finished reading.他读完了又继续写。He went on doing his homework all day.他整天都在做作业。3.作表语(解释主语的内容)。例如:His wish is to become a doctor. 4.作定语(修饰前面的名词或代词即n./pron.+to不定式往往用在there be 及have/has句型中)。例如:Mary has a lot of work to do.5.作状语可表示1目的。可加(in order)to 相当于so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句。2结果。常用于too--to/enough to句型中,相当于so--that引导的结果状语从句。3原因。例如:He studies hard to go to college.(目的)(=He studies hard in order to go to college.=He studies hard so that he can go to college.)He is too young to go to school.(结果)(=He is so young that he can't go to school.)He is old enough to join the army.(结果)(=he is so old that he can join the army.)He came to see me yesterday.(目的)I'm glad to see you.(原因)6.作宾补,不定式作宾语补足语主要用在下列词组中:A类:ask/tell/want/order sb.to do sth.He asked me to help him with English.B类:see/wathc/notice/feel/hear(感觉动词) sb.do sth.make/let/have(使让动词)此类动词不带to,但在被动语态中原来省去to的要加上。例如:Do you often hear Mary sing in her room? (被动语态)Is mary often heard to sing in her room?The boss made the workers work 10 hours a day.(被动语态)The workers were made to work 10 hours a day.三、了解几种特殊形式不定式否定:即在to前加not。例如:Our teacher tells us not to talk in class.不定式被动式:to be done。例如:The room seemed to be cleaned不定式进行式:to be doing。例如:He pretended to be sleeping.不定式完成式:to have done。例如:He seemed to have done it.不定式复合结构:即to前加fro sb.例如:It is important for us to learn English.疑问词+to不定式可作主语、表语和宾语。总之,当你掌握了不定式的含义,吃透了它的功能,了解了它的几种特殊形式后,会感觉到不定式并不那么难学了。

I hope to learn englishi well.

动词不定式的用法动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课本中的一个重点,也是中考必考查的一个项目。下面我们对动词不定式做一简要归纳,以帮助同学们学习和参考。
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成 (有时可以不带to)。其否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。它属于一种非谓语动词的形式,在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但它可以保留动词的性质,其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分(不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语)。动词不定式(短语)的句法功能非常广泛,在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。
一、作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数。例如:
To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。
To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。
(2)如果动词不定式太长,常常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。例如:
It took me half an hour to walk there.我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
It’s important for us to learn English well.对我们来说,学好英语是重要的。
二、作宾语
(1)能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等动词,但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。例如:
I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地。
She enjoys reading very much.她非常喜欢读书。
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
(2)动词不定式与名等词构成复合宾语时,通常要用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置。例如:
I think it our duty to obey the laws. 我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
I found it difficult to see him here. 我发现在这里见到他是很难的。
三、作补足语
(1)某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定式作宾语补足语;在被动式中,由于原来的宾语变成了主语,故原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。这类动词常用的有 consider, expect, tell, want, warn, wish,invite等。例如:
They told him not to be late again.他们告诉他不要再迟到了。→He was told not to be late again.
She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday.昨天她请我一起进餐。
(2)在feel(一感),listen to,hear(二听),let,make,have(三让),look at,see,watch,notice(四看)等词之后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,强调动作的完成过程;它们作被动句的谓语时,to要补上。如:
I heard her sing today.She sang wonderfully.今天我听见她唱歌了,她唱得非常精彩。
She was heard to sing today.今天有人听见她唱歌了。
  She is often heard to sing this song(by us).我们经常听见她唱这首歌。
四、作状语
⑴动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式。例如:
Come to see me again soon. 尽快再来看我。
I trembled to think of it. 我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。
You couldn't do that to save your life. 你即使为了救自己也不能那样做。
(2) only to do sth. 与 only doing sth. 都可作表示结果的状语,区别是:only to do sth. 表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果, 或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作;only doing sth. 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。例如:
I worked hard, only to fail at last. 我努力工作,结果最后却是失败。
He died, only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了,只留下一身债
五、作表语
(1)动词不定式往往放在系动词be(,become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式)的后面作表语,表示将来的情况,说明主语的内容。例如:
My wish is to become a teacher.我的愿望是当一名教师。
Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。
(2)如果系动词后的动词说明主语的性质,特征,相当于形容词。这时就要用现在分词作表语,而不用不定式。例如:
He said that the story was interesting.他说这则故事很有趣。
六、作定语
(1)动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语,故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式;如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,该动词不定式要用被动式。例如:
Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今晚有什么事要做吗?
I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there? 明天我要去上海。你有什么东西要捎去的吗?
(2)动词不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作,如果动作已发生或正在发生,一般用现在分词作定语。例如:
I have no pen to write with.我没有钢笔写字。
The man standing there is Li Ming. 站在那里的那个人是李明。
  七、和疑问词连用:
不定式前可用what,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语,这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。
(1)作主语。例如:
When to start has not been decided. 什么时候出发还没定下来。
(2)作表语。例如:
The question is how to do the job well. 问题是怎样做好这项工作。
(3)作宾语。例如:
He told me where to find the book. 他告诉我了在哪找到这本书的。
Do you know how to play football? 你知道怎样踢足球吗?
八、不定式的被动式
在初中阶段还涉及到动词不定式被动式的一般式,这种形式是由“to be+动词过去分词”构成的,表示“被……”之意。例如:
  There are twenty more trees to be planted. 有更多的树要栽种。

不定式动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的句子有哪些?~

一、作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数。
二、作宾语
(1)能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等动词,但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。
三、作补足语
(1)某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定式作宾语补足语;在被动式中,由于原来的宾语变成了主语,故原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。这类动词常用的有 consider, expect, tell, want, warn, wish,invite等
四、作状语
⑴动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式。
五、作表语
(1)动词不定式往往放在系动词be(,become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式)的后面作表语,表示将来的情况,说明主语的内容。
六、作定语
(1)动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语,故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式;如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,该动词不定式要用被动式。
(2)动词不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作,如果动作已发生或正在发生,一般用现在分词作定语。例如:
I have no pen to write with.我没有钢笔写字。
The man standing there is Li Ming. 站在那里的那个人是李明。
七、和疑问词连用:
不定式前可用what,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语,这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。

一.主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1.名词作主语。 如:A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。)
Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)
2.代词用作主语。如:You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑
3.数词用作主语。如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
4.名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
5.副词用作主语。如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
6.名词化的介词作主语。如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.
我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7.不定式用作主语。 如:To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again.
如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
8. 动名词用作主语。如:Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.
看电影是乐事, 制作影片则是苦事。
9. 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如:The disabled are to receive more money.
残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
The deceased died of old age.
死者死于年老。
10. 介词短语用作主语。如:To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.
从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。
11.从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.
你无论什么时候准备好都行。
Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to.
不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。
12.句子用作主语。如:”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。
二.谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。
1.由简单的动词构成。
(1). What happened? 发生了什么事?
(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。
(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。
2.由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). I am reading. 我在看书。
(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着?
(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。
3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如:
(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水(had a swim 代替了swam)
(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个!(take a look 代替了 look)
(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。(gave a sigh 代替了sighed)
(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。(a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分,彻底的))
三.表语
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构钟,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
1.The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。(名词)
2.So that’s that. 就是这样。(代词)
3.We are seven. 我们一共7人。(数词)
4.Are you busy? 你有空吗?(形容词)
5.Are you there? 你在听吗?(电话用语)(副词)
Is anybody in? 里面有人吗? (副词)
6.All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。(不定式)
My answer to his threat(威胁) was to hit him on the nose.
我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。(不定式)
7.Complimenting(赞美,祝贺) is lying. 恭维就是说谎。(动名词)
Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗?(动名词)
8.I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。(过分)
I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。(过分)
9.She is in good health. 她很健康。(介词短语)
The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。(介词短语)
10.Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗?(从句)
11.This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。(从句)
补充:
能做系动词的实义动词:
come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词)
fell,sound ,smell , look , taste (感观动词)
seem, appear (似乎,好像)
例如:
1.Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。(Come后常加 easy ,loose natural 等)
2. He fell sick. 他病了。
Keep fit.保重。
Keep作为系动词还常接quiet ,calm ,cool, well, warm ,silent,clean,dry
3.The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。(short , loose , wild , cold 等)
4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.
一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。
四.宾语
宾语(object)在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如:
Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。
可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。
1.Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗?(名词)
2.They won’t hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。(代词)
3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。(数词)。
4.I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。(名词化形容词)
5.He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。(副词)
6.Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗?(不定式)
7.He never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的).
他从不做使人感到意外的事。(名词化的分词)
8.Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?(从句)
扩展:
宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语,即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者,间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人),具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb), 常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等,间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用,通常放在直接宾语之前。如:I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。
五.补语
补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subject complement),补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement).
(1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了。
有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。如:
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings.
那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求。
(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。(名词用作并与补语)
2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.
我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语)
3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。(形容词用作宾语补语)
3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词短语用作宾补)
4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.
同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。(不定式用作宾语补语)
5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。(动名作宾补
6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。
六.定语
定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1.形容词用作定语是大量的。
(1). She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。
(2). He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。(后置定语)
2. 名词用作定语。如
(1). A baby girl 女婴
(2). well water 井水
(3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车
(4). A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
2.代词作定语。
(1). Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。(物主代词用作定语)
(2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责。
(不定代词所有格作定语)
3.数词作定语
(1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
(2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance.
现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了。
基数词用作后置定语: page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
4. 副词充当定语时常后置,如:
the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界
the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
5.不定式用作定语
(1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。
(2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
6.动名词用作定语.
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药
eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法
7.分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者
a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花
7.介词短语用作定语。
(1). This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。
(2). The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.
他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。
8.从句用作定语,即定语从句
The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.
我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了。
七.同谓语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同谓语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
1.名词用作同谓语是大量的。
(1). We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。
(2)We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。
2.代词用作同谓语。
(1)。They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。
(2)。Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。
3.数词用作同谓语。
(1)。Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗?
(2)。They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了,我们三个留了下来。
4.不定式与动名词用作同谓语。
(1)。Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。
(2)。The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.
第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了。
5.Of 短语用作同谓语
The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术
The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好
6.从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句
(1)。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不确。
(2)。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。
八.状语
状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。。如:
1.The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。
2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
(1)。副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well.
这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.
当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
3.状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
(1)。时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中
Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
In China now leads the world.
(2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).
(3)。原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.
I eat potatoes because I like them.
(4). 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。
She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.
She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
(5). 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首。
He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
(6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。
We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.
If he were to come, what should we say to him?
(7). 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。
For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福。
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
(8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。
The lecture is very interesting.
To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何?
(9)。伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.
He stood there ,pipe(烟斗) in mouth.

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